Transcript Respiratory System (1), ppt

Respiratory System
Chapter 7
Functions of the
Respiratory System

Bring oxygen rich air into the body
for delivery to the blood cells

Expel waste products (carbon dioxide and
water) that have been returned to the lungs
from the body

Produce airflow through the larynx that
makes speech possible
Structures of the
Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract
 Nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis,
larynx and trachea
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19378.jpg
Lower Respiratory Tract
 Bronchial tree and lungs
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19379.jpg
Structures Cont’d.
 Nose
– Lined with membrane that secretes
mucus to moisten, warm, and filter
the air as it enters the nose
 Sinus
– Air filled cavity within a bone that is lined with
mucous membrane
– Helps make the bones of the skull lighter, helps
produce sound by providing resonance to the
voice, produces mucus that drains into nose
Structures Cont’d.
 Pharynx
– After passing through nasal cavity,
air reaches the pharynx
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82620&rendTypeId=4
Pharynx has three divisions:
– Nasopharynx – from nose to behind mouth
– Oropharynx – from mouth to the larynx
– Laryngopharynx – from the larynx to the opening
of the esophagus and trachea
Structures Cont’d.
 Epiglottis
– Lidlike structure at the base of the tongue that
closes during swallowing so that food/drink does
not enter the lungs
 Larynx
www.faemse.org/downloads/glottis1.jpg
– Also called the voice box
– Located between pharynx and trachea
– Contains vocal cords that vibrate against each
other to cause sound
Structures Cont’d.
 Trachea
– Extends from the larynx to the chest
 Lungs
www.virtualsciencefair.org/.../lungs.jpeg
– Contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
– Surrounded by pleural lining
– Pleural space contains fluid to prevent friction
during respiration
– Mediastinum is the area between the lungs
Structures Cont’d.
 Bronchial Tree
– The trachea divides into two branches called
bronchi; One branch goes into each lung
– Bronchi get smaller as they divide and subdivide,
smallest bronchi are called bronchioles
 Alveoli
– Tiny air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles
– Gas exchange (O2 and CO2) occurs here
Structures Cont’d.
 Diaphragm
– Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from
abdomen
– Contraction of diaphragm makes breathing
possible
www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/fullsize/19380.jpg
External Respiration
 Breathing – act of bringing air into & out of the
lungs
 Inhalation – taking air into the lungs
 Exhalation – breathing air out of the lungs
 Gas exchange – with each inhalation, oxygen
passes into the capillaries and is carried to
cells by erythrocytes; with each exhalation,
carbon dioxide (waste) passes from
capillaries into the lungs to be exhaled
Internal Respiration
 Exchange of gases within the cells of all body
organs and tissues
Medical Specialties related to the
Respiratory System
 Otorhinolaryngologist – treats diseases and
disorders of ear, nose and throat (ot/o + rhin/o +
laryng/o + -ologist)
 Pulmonologist – diagnoses and treats diseases
of the lungs and associated tissues (pulmon/o +
-ologist)
What your lungs sound like
 http://www.easyauscultation.com/cases.asp
x?CourseCaseOrder=1&CourseID=201
 Listen to the examples of normal and
abnormal lung sounds, then…. we will see
what your lungs sound like