Transcript circulatory and respiratory systems

CIRCULATORY
AND RESPIRATORY
SYSTEMS
Science, Technology, & Society
MR. CANOVA
Period 11
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Transport
and
Distribution
 Blood Vessels
 Components of
Blood
Transport and Distribution

Molecules move throughout the cardiovascular
system: (all through blood vessels)
– Nutrients from digested food are transported to all cells
– Oxygen from the lungs is transported to all cells
– Metabolic wastes (ie-CO2)
– Hormones
– Heat is distributed to maintain a constant body
temperature
Types of Blood Vessels

Arteries
– Carry blood away from the
heart through small
passages called arterioles.

Capillaries
– Tiny blood vessels that
allow the exchange of
molecules in the blood.

Veins
– Carry blood towards the
heart through small
passages called venuoles.
Lymphatic System

This system collects
and recycles fluids
leaked from the
cardiovascular system
and is involved in
fighting infections.
 It also acts as a key
element in the immune
system.
Components of Blood

4 Parts:
– Plasma


60% of total volume of blood
90% water, 10% solutes
– Red Blood Cells


Carry Oxygen and Hemoglobin
Lack of causes anemia.
– White Blood Cells


Also called leukocytes
2 for every 1000 RBC
– Platelets


Clot blood
Mutations cause hemophilia
BLOOD TYPES

4 Major Types:
–
–
–
–
A
B
AB
O
– AB are considered
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENTS
– O are considered
UNIVERSAL DONORS
– Rh Factor- antigen on surface
of red blood cells
The HEART

Organ made up of mostly cardiac muscle
tissue which contracts to pump blood
through the body.
 2 circulatory loops:
– Right side- Pulmonary circulation loop
 Release of CO2 and Pickup of O2
– Left side-Systemic circulation loop
 Pumps oxygen-rich blood and returns oxygen-poor
blood
Circulation of BLOOD









1A) Superior Vena Cava
– Sends O-poor blood to #2
1B) Inferior Vena Cava
– Send O-poor blood to #2
2) Right Atrium
3) Right Ventricle
4) Pulmonary Arteries
– Send blood to lungs
5) Pulmonary Veins
– Return blood from lungs
6) Left Atrium
7) Left Ventricle
8) Aorta
Monitoring Cardiovascular System

BLOOD PRESSURE:
– Systolic
 Heart Contracts
 Average 120 mmHg or less
– Diastolic
 Heart Relaxes
 Average 80 mmHg or less

ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS:
– ECG or EKG
 Electrical impulses

PULSE:
– Pressure waves inside arteries
 Average 70 to 90 beats per
minute
PROBLEMS WITH HEART

ACUTE:
– Sudden
 Angina
 Heart Attack
 Stroke (Brain)

CHRONIC:
– Long term
 Myocarditis
 High Blood Pressure
 Stress
 High Cholesterol
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 Gas
exchange
 Breathing
 Gas Transport
 Diseases
THE PATHWAY OF AIR

1) Nose or Mouth
– 21% of air is O2


2) Pharynx
3) Larynx
– Epiglottis covers opening

4) Trachea
 5) Bronchi
 6) Alveoli
 7) Lungs
 8) Diaphragm
BREATHING

Mechanical process
that draws air into and
out of the lungs
 INHALATION– Rib muscles contract
– Chest cavity increases

EXHALATION– Rib muscles relaxes
– Chest cavity decreases
Oxygen Transport








1) Oxygen is inhaled
2) Oxygen diffuses into blood
3) RBC carry Oxygen
4) Oxygen diffuses into cells
5) CO2 diffuses to the blood
6) CO2 travels in the blood
7) CO2 released to the alveoli
8) CO2 is exhaled
Carbon Dioxide Transport

7% of CO2 is
dissolved in the blood
plasma
 23% of CO2 is
attached to
hemoglobin
 70% of CO2 is carried
to the blood as
bicarbonate ions
RESPIRATORY DISEASES


1) Chronic Obstruction
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
2) EMPHYSEMA
 3) CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
 4) TUBERCULOSIS
 5) LUNG CANCER
 6) CYSTIC FIBROSIS
 7) ASTHMA
 8) PNEUMONIA