Transcript Human Physiology and Air Flight

Human Physiology and
Air Flight
Warm-Up Questions
CPS Questions 1-2
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Chapter Overview
 Lesson
1: Human Physiology and Air
Flight
 Lesson 2: Protective Equipment and
Aircrew Training
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Lesson Overview
 The
four zones of the flight environment
 The physical laws of gases according to
Boyle's law, Dalton's law, and Henry's
law
 The respiration and circulation processes
 The effects on the human body of
reduced pressure at high altitude
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Lesson Overview, cont.
 The
effects on the human body of
acceleration and deceleration or
increased g-forces
 Spatial disorientation and motion
sickness
 Other stresses of flight operations
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Quick Write
What devices and steps do you think could
have prevented loss of consciousness?
(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of USAF/MSgt Kevin J. Gruenwald
Four Zones of the
Flight Environment
Troposphere, stratosphere,
ionosphere, and exosphere
 Most flight takes place in
troposphere and stratosphere
 Troposphere—largest
percentage of atmospheric
mass
 Passenger airliners will fly
above the clouds in the
stratosphere to avoid weather

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Reproduced from NASA
Activity 1:
The Four Zones of Flight
 Describe
some characteristics of each
flight zone in the chart provided
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Physical Laws of Gases
According to Boyle’s Law
 Boyle’s
law—when the pressure of a
confined gas increases, its volume
decreases; when pressure decreases,
volume increases
 When an aircraft climbs, the drop in
atmospheric pressure causes gases in
the human body to expand
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Dalton’s Law
Dalton’s law—the total pressure of a
mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the
partial pressure that each gas exerts
individually
 The total pressure that the human body
experiences is the sum of the partial
pressures exerted on it by oxygen, nitrogen,
and trace gases

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Henry’s Law
Henry’s law—the
amount of gas dissolved
in a volume of liquid is
proportional to the
pressure of the gas
 Bottle filled with
carbonated drink; when
opened releases
pressure, bubbles of gas
escape

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
© iStockphoto/Thinkstock
Activity 2: Animated Gas Lab Boyle’s Law
 View
the Animated Gas Lab at the NASA
website
 Use
the lab to work through the questions
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Learning Check Questions
CPS Questions 3-4
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Respiration and
Circulation Processes
 Gases
present in the human body that
expand and compress depending on
pressure affect two physical processes:
 Respiration—breathing
 Circulation—process of moving blood
about the body
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Respiratory System
Main purpose is to take
in oxygen and get rid of
carbon dioxide
 Diaphragm helps the
lungs draw in and expel
air
 Lungs and blood vessels
distribute oxygen to the
body, retrieve carbon
dioxide

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Adapted from National Institutes of Health
Cardiovascular System and Heart
Cardiovascular system’s
main functions:
 Use blood to carry
oxygen from lungs to
organs or body tissue
 Uses blood to move
carbon dioxide from the
tissues to the lungs
 The heart pumps blood
throughout the body

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Adapted from National Institutes of Health
Activity 3: Respiration
and Circulation
 Identify
the part of the body that
performs the function and answer the
questions
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Human Body and Reduced
Pressure at High Altitude
 By
about 12,000 feet, the partial pressure
of oxygen is reduced, interferes with the
body’s normal activities and functions
 By
18,000 feet, the thinner air means
lungs can only draw half as much oxygen
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Ill Effects at Reduced Pressure
Hypoxia—a state of too little
oxygen in the body
 Hyperventilation—an abnormal
increase in the volume of air
breathed in and out of the lungs
 Trapped gas
 Ear block
 Sinus block
 Altitude-Induced Decompression
Sickness

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of NASA Kennedy Space Center/NASA
Activity 4: How High Altitude
Affects the Body
 Match
the descriptions with the four
ailments associated with high-altitude
flight and answer the questions
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Learning Check Questions
CPS Questions 5-6
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
G-Forces
Measure of gravity’s
accelerative force
 Pilot may experience a
combination of linear, radial,
and angular acceleration
when working with flight
controls
 Accelerations induce gforces on the body that
scientists refer to as Gx, Gy,
and Gz

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of USAF/MSgt Kevin J. Gruenwald
The Effects of G-Force
 Most
hazardous is along the Gz axis
 Cardiovascular system has to act quickly
to keep blood flowing to the brain
 Body tries to counteract +Gz with a
harder, faster heartbeat
 If the acceleration is as rapid as 1 G per
second, unconsciousness can hit without
any visual warning
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Effects of G-Force, cont.


More dangerous is the foot-tohead -Gz; pilot pushes into a
dive, blood can’t flow back
down through the veins into
the heart
 Pilot may experience red
out; the next phase is loss
of consciousness
Fighter pilots and astronauts
wear the g-suit, protects pilots
from the effects of g-forces
Courtesy of US Air Force
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Learning Check Questions
CPS Questions 7-8
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Spatial Disorientation
 Spatial
disorientation—lack of
knowing an aircraft’s position,
attitude, and movement
 Visual system
 Vestibular system
 Somatosensory system
 Flying conditions can sometimes
confuse the three systems
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Reproduced from US Department of
Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration
Motion Sickness
A
product of the brain receiving
conflicting messages about the body’s
true position
 Symptoms
include nausea, dizziness,
paleness, sweating, and vomiting
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Other Stresses of Flight
Operations
Smoking tobacco: raises the concentration
of carbon monoxide in blood
 Alcohol: can affect coordination, limit vision,
impact memory, reduce reasoning power,
slow reflexes, and lower attention span
 Drugs: side effects such as loss of balance
and nausea

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Activity 5: Human Physiology
and Air Flight

Create a presentation on one of the topics
related to human physiology and air flight

Conduct and investigate research using the
sources identified
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Learning Check Questions
CPS Questions 9-10
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Summary
 The
four zones of the flight environment
 The physical laws of gases according to
Boyle's law, Dalton's law, and Henry's
law
 The respiration and circulation processes
 The effects on the human body of
reduced pressure at high altitude
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Summary, cont.
 The
effects on the human body of
acceleration and deceleration or
increased g-forces
 Spatial disorientation and motion
sickness
 Other stresses of flight operations
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Review Questions
CPS Questions 11-12
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Next….
Done – human physiology and air
flight
 Next – protective equipment and
aircrew training

Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of U. S. Air Force/Staff Sgt.
Brian Ferguson