Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
What happens during respiration
How respiration works
Maintaining respiratory health
Respiratory system problems
The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood and
removes carbon dioxide from the body.
• Respiratory system removes carbon dioxide from the
body and provides it with fresh oxygen.
• Respiration is divided into two parts – external oxygen
moves from the lungs into the blood, and carbon dioxide
moves from the blood into the lungs; internal oxygen
moves from the blood into the cells, and carbon dioxide
moves from the cells into the blood.
• Oxygen fuels the brain, metabolize food for energy to
move muscles.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, trachea, and
diaphragm
• Lungs are found within the chest cavity and protect by the ribs
• Base if the chest cavity is the diaphragm a muscle that separates
the chest from the abdominal cavity
• Structure of the lungs are compared to the structure of a branching
tree, air moves into the lungs through the trachea or windpipe
• Trachea branches out into two bronchi main airways that reach into
each lung
• Network of tubes called bronchioles bring air closer to the site of
external respiration
• End of each bronchiole are groups of microscopic structures called
alveoli (thin-walled air sacs covered with capillaries)
• Air enters and exits your body through the nose and mouth.
• Membranes of the nose are lined with hairlike structures cilia, with
cells that produce mucus (work together to help prevent foreign
particles such as dust, bacteria, and viruses from moving into the
respiratory system
• Air that moves into the respiratory system is filtered,
warmed, and moistened
• Then moves to the pharynx, or throat, then to the
trachea or windpipe
• Tissue that lines the trachea is also lined with mucus and
cilia to trap particles and prevent from going into the
respiratory system
• Larynx or voice box (connect the throaty and the
trachea) contains vocal cords, two bands of tissue,
produces sound when air forced between them causes
vibration
• Epiglottis flap of tissue located above the larynx, closes
off the entrance to the larynx and trachea when you
swallow, involuntary action that keeps food and drink
from entering the respiratory system
Caring for your lungs can prevent many respiratory
disorders
• Single most important decision you can make for the respiratory
system is not to smoke
• Smoking damages all parts of the respiratory system and the main
cause of lung cancer
• Smoking also causes bronchitis and emphysema and increases the
likelihood of asthma in children
• Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
• Air pollution increases the risk of respiratory health problems and
certain types of health
• Regular exercise, increase respiration during exercise improves
lung capacity to pass oxygen into the blood
• Washing your hands prevent infection, bacteria and viruses are
easily transmitted to respiratory system when contaminated hands
touch the nose or mouth
Problems of the respiratory system can be mild, such as cold, or
serious and even life threatening
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Problems can be as mild as infections to disorders that damage lung tissue
and alveoli and prevent proper ventilation
Transplant may be recommended (deceased donors), medical advances
have enabled living donors to provided portions of one lung to recipient
Cold and influenza are common infections of the upper respiratory system
Sinusitis – inflammation of tissues that line sinuses (air-filled cavities above
the nasal passages and throat)
Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi (infection or exposure to irritants
such as tobacco smoke or air pollution) membranes that line bronchi
produce excessive amounts of mucus in the airways
Asthma – an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and
bronchioles become narrowed, caused difficulty breathing, involuntary
contraction of smooth airway muscles leads to chest tightness and
breathing difficulty
Pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs, caused by a bacterial or viral
infection, common pneumonia, the alveoli swell and become clogged with
mucus, decreasing the amount of gas exchange
Tuberculosis – a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the
lungs (the immune system surrounds the infected area and isolates it)
Emphysema – disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli
(almost always caused by smoking)