Transcript Chapter 9
Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 9 Respiratory System Lecture Outline Part 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Respiratory System 2 Points to ponder • What are the parts and functions of the upper and lower respiratory system? • What is the mechanism for expiration and inspiration? • How is breathing controlled by the nervous system and through chemicals? • Where and how is exchange of gases accomplished? • What are some common respiratory infections and disorders? • What do you know about tobacco and health? 3 9.1 The Respiratory System Overview of the respiratory system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens air Pharynx passage way where pathway for air and food cross Upper Respiratory Tract Glottis space between the vocal chords; opening to larynx Larynx (voice box) ; produces sound Trachea (wind pipe) ; passage of air to bronchi Bronchus passage of air to lungs Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchioles passage of air to alveoli Lung contains alveoli (air sacs); carries out gas exchange Diaphragm skeletal muscle; functions in ventilation Figure 9.1 The human respiratory tract. 4 9.1 The Respiratory System What is the pathway that air follows? nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchus bronchioles alveoli 5 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract What constitutes the upper respiratory tract? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. • Nose sinus nasal cavity • Pharynx hard palate nares sinus tonsil Pharynx nasopharynx uvula mouth • Larynx tongue oropharynx tonsils epiglottis glottis larynx laryngopharynx esophagus trachea Figure 9.2 The upper respiratory tract. 6 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract The nose • The nose opens at the nostrils/nares and leads into the __________. • Hairs and mucus in the nose _____ the air. • The nasal cavity has a lot of capillaries that warm and moisten the air. • Specialized cells act as odor receptors. • __________ drain into the nasal cavities that can lead to a runny nose. 7 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract The pharynx • The _________ is a funnel-shaped cavity commonly called the throat. • It has 3 portions based on location: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. • _________ provide a lymphatic defense during breathing at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx. 8 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract The larynx • The larynx is a triangular, cartilaginous structure that passes air between the ______ and _______. • It is called the ___________ and houses vocal cords. • There are 2 mucosal folds that make up the vocal cords with an opening in the middle called the ______. 9 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract The larynx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. base of tongue epiglottis vocal cords glottis (left): © CNRI/ Phototake Figure 9.4 The vocal cords. 10 9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract What constitutes the lower respiratory tract? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. • Trachea Nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens air Pharynx passage way where pathway for air and food cross Upper Respiratory Tract • Bronchial tree Glottis space between the vocal chords; opening to larynx Larynx (voice box) ; produces sound Trachea (wind pipe) ; passage of air to bronchi Bronchus passage of air to lungs • Lungs Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchioles passage of air to alveoli Lung contains alveoli (air sacs); carries out gas exchange Diaphragm skeletal muscle; functions in ventilation Figure 9.1 The human respiratory tract. 11 9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract The trachea • The trachea is a tube, often called the windpipe, that connects the larynx with the ______________. • It is made of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and cartilaginous rings. • The trachea is lined with ______ and ______ that help to keep the lungs clean. 12 9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract The trachea Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. cilia goblet cell epithelial cell particle movement mucus air tracheal lumen (bottom half): © ED Reschke Figure 9.5 The cells lining the trachea. 13