Transcript Human Body Systems DR. I MCSNEER

Human Body Systems
Technology Project
Human Body Systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Digestive
Respiratory
Integumentary
Immune
Lymphatic
Muscular
Circulatory
Skeletal
Nervous
Endocrine
Excretory
Reproductive
And Levels of Organization
http://www.parentingpress.com/pics/sock_cvr.jpg
Believe it
or not,
you are
organized!
The main levels of organization are…
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, and You (the Organism).
Well, at least your body is!
Can you
identify
&
label the 3
levels of
organization
shown here?
By the way, is your room “organized” like this!?!?
Your Digestive System
Your digestive
system is like
a complicated
chemical
processing
plant, and
performs many
functions.
What major tasks does your digestive
system help you accomplish?
Your Digestive System…
…breaks down food
into molecules the
body can absorb.
…passes these
molecules into the
blood to be carried
throughout the body.
…works to eliminate
solid wastes from the
body.
The Parts
of
Your
Digestive
System
How well
do you
know
them?
Parts of Your Digestive System
The Digestive Journey
Digestion begins in your mouth with action of your teeth
and tongue (mechanical digestion) and your salivary
glands (chemical digestion).
The salivary glands produce enzymes that are mixed with
the food, breaking down the starches. Peristalsis is the
muscular action that moves the food through the
esophagus and into your stomach after you swallow.
Your Stomach
Contains chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
Pepsin breaks proteins, and other enzymes break down fat.
Your stomach also has a thick coating of mucus to protect it
form the acids and to keep it from digesting itself!
By the way, your stomach really
does look like a muscular bag!
Your Liver, Pancreas, and Gall Bladder
Liver is the largest organ of your
body. Liver breaks down many
substances and toxins, and
produces bile- a substance that
helps break down fat. The bile
produces enzymes that flow into the
small intestines, helping to break up
complex starches, proteins, and
fats.
Your Small & Large Intestines
After the solid food has been
digested the fluid remaining is
called chyme . In the small
intestines all the nutrients are
absorbed leaving undigestible
wastes. These wastes pass into
the large intestines, where water
is removed. Then the wastes are
stored in the rectum until they are
released by the anus.
Cross Section of Your Intestines
The Villi add surface area to increase absorption of food and
nutrients through capillaries.
Your Respiratory System
The Functions of Your Respiratory System
Your respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside
environment into your bodyand removes carbon dioxide and
water (this image shows all the tiny bronchioles that carry air into
your alveoli for gas exchange).
Check Your Answers Here.
How You Breathe 1: The Diaphragm
How You Breathe 2: The Alveoli
The Respiratory and Circulatory
Systems: Working Together.
Working
together the
respiratory and
circulatory
systems form
the cariopulmonary
system, which is
an integral
connection
between the
heart and lungs.
Respiratory Disease: Lung Cancer
The cancerous lung (right) shows how much damage
smoking can do over time to your respiratory system.
X-Rays can help detect cancer, and surgery and
radiation are some treatments for the disease.
Web Sources and Resources
www.smm.org/heart/lessons/ lesson11.htm
Please Take Care of Your
Lungs and Don’t Smoke
Web Sources and Resources:
Usborne Science Encyclopedia pgs. and Quicklink Images
Your Immune System
Your Immune System
Your Immune system
protects you from
foreign invaders.
Special cells react to
pathogen with a
defense targeted
specifically at that
pathogen.
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1996/illpres/introduction.html
Your Immune System Has Many
Specialized Cells!
White blood cells that
target specific pathogens
are called lymphocytes.
There are two major kinds
of lymphocytes—T cells
and B cells.
A major function of T cells
is to identify pathogens by
recognizing their antigens.
Antigens are molecules
that the immune system
recognizes as either part
of your body, or as coming
from outside your body. B
cells produce chemicals
called antibodies.
How Your Immune System Works
Our immune system protects us against threats.
These include viruses, bacteria and parasites causing
infectious diseases, from ordinary flu to full-blown
malaria. The white blood cells of the defense system
are produced in the marrow of our bones. The cells
are carried in the blood to specialized organs, where
they develop and communicate to launch immune
responses against infections.
•http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1996/illpres/introduction.html
Your Muscular System
Types of Muscles
Your body has three types of muscle
tissue—skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,
and cardiac muscle.
Skeletal Muscle
skeletal muscles are
classified as voluntary
muscles.
Muscles moves your
bones, react quickly and
tire quickly.
At the end of a skeletal
muscle is a tendon. A
tendon is a strong
connective tissue that
attaches muscle to bone.
Note- ligaments connect
bones together.
Smooth Muscle
Smooth muscles
are called
involuntary
muscles because
they work with
your conscious
effort.
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles
found only in the heart. Cardiac muscles
do not get tired.
A Cardiac Muscle Cell
How Do Muscles Work?
Muscles work by contracting, or becoming shorter and
thicker. Because muscle cells can only contract, not extend,
skeletal muscles must work in pairs.
Your Circulatory System
Your Circulatory System is Responsible for Delivering
and Removing Materials from Every Cell in Your Body
Web Sources and Resources
Usborne Human Body: Quicklinks
Blood
Blood is the fluid of life, transporting oxygen from
the lungs to body tissue and carbon dioxide from
body tissue to the lungs.
Because it contains living cells, blood is alive. Red
blood cells and white blood cells are responsible for
nourishing, cleansing, and protecting the body.
Since the cells are alive, they too need
nourishment. Vitamins and Minerals keep the blood
healthy. The blood cells have a definite life cycle,
just as all living organisms do.
Approximately 55 percent of blood is plasma, a
straw-colored clear liquid. The liquid plasma carries
the solid cells and the platelets which help blood
clot. Without blood platelets, you would bleed to
death.
When the human body loses a little bit of blood
through a minor wound, the platelets cause the
blood to clot so that the bleeding stops. Because
new blood is always being made inside of your
bones, the body can replace the lost blood. When
the human body loses a lot of blood through a
major wound, that blood has to be replaced
through a blood transfusion from other people.
Your Skeletal System
Your Skeleton’s Functions
Your skeleton has five
major functions. It
provides shape and
support, enables you to
move, protects your
internal organs,
produces blood cells,
and stores certain
materials until your
body needs them
Cartilage
Cartilage provides a
smooth surface between
bones or sometimes a
more flexible extension
of bone, as in the tip of
your nose. As an infant,
much of your skeleton
was cartilage. By the
time you stop growing,
most of the cartilage
will have been replaced
with hard bone tissue.
Joints
A joint is a place in the body
where two bones come
together and move in different
ways.
Movable joints include balland- socket joints, pivot joints,
hinge joints, and gliding joints.
The bones in movable joints
are held together by ligament.
Take Care of Your Bones!
A combination of a
balanced diet and regular
exercise can start you on
the way to a lifetime of
healthy bones. As people
become older, their bones
begin to lose some
minerals. Mineral loss can
lead to osteoporosis, a
condition in which the
body’s bones become weak
and break easily. Regular
exercise and a diet rich in
calcium can help prevent
osteoporosis.
Your Nervous System
Your nervous system receives information about
what is happening both inside and outside your
body.
It helps maintain homeostasis. A stimulus is any
change or signal in the environment that can make
an organism react.
Neurons
The cells that carry information through your nervous system
are called neurons, or nerve cells.
The message that a neuron carries is called a nerve impulse.
The Anatomy of a Neuron
Your Central Nervous SystemThe Brain and Spinal Cord
Central & Peripheral Nervous
Systems Working Together
The yellow
parts are CNS
parts and the
purple are
parts of your
peripheral
nervous
system.
Your Brain- The Command Center
The human brain is a complex
organ that allows us to think,
move, feel, see, hear, taste, and
smell. It controls our body,
receives information, analyzes
information, and stores
information (our memories).
The Stroop Effect- Your
Brain Can Get Confused!
TRY IT!- The famous "Stroop Effect" is named after
J. Ridley Stroop who discovered this strange
phenomenon in the 1930s. Here is your job: name
the colors of the following words. Do NOT read the
words...rather, say the color of the words. For
example, for the word BLUE, you should say "RED".
Say the colors as fast as you can. It is not as easy as
you might think!
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer's disease attacks
the brain; it is not a normal
part of aging. People with AD
have a gradual memory loss
and difficulties with language
and emotions.
The progressive loss of
intellectual abilities is termed
dementia. As the disease
advances, the person may
need help in all aspects of life:
bathing, eating, and using the
restroom.
Because of this round-theclock care, families and
friends of people with AD are
greatly affected. The disease
is irreversible and there is
currently no cure.
Ouch! In the movie MATRIX, Neo and
the others are plugged into the matrix
through their CNS !
(Central Nervous System)
Your Senses Are Your Nervous System’s
Bridge to the Outside World
Sight, Taste, Touch, Hearing, Smell
Web Sources and Resources: Usborne Science Encyclopedia pgs. 370-375 and Quicklink Images
Your Excretory System
Your excretory system collects wastes produced by
cells and removes wastes from your body. Kidneys
are the major organs of the excretory system. The
kidneys filter your blood and remove urea, excess
water, and some other waste materials from your
blood. Urea is a chemical that comes from the
breakdown of proteins. The filtering process
produces urine. Each kidney contains about a million
nephrons.
Your Excretory System
Web Sources and Resources:
Usborne Science Encyclopedia pg. 362 and Quicklink Images