Transcript Pg. RTW: What is one interesting fact about Arthropoda?

Monday, April 25th
NO RTW: Grab clicker and place bags
up front
• Objective:
• I will be able prepared to take the EOC Marine Final
• Agenda:
• Phylum Test!
• EOC Review
• Aves group send me any documents you need printed!
• Homework:
• Fish Food Project
Tuesday, April 26th
Pg. 118 RTW: What is one interesting
fact about Arthropoda?
• Objective:
• I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations
to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla:
Mollusca.
• Agenda:
• Mollusca Foldable
• Mollusca group be ready to present tomorrow!
• Homework:
• Fish Food Project
Mollusca Foldable
 Examples:
 Class Gastropoda- Snails
 Class Bivalvia- Clams
 Class Cephalopoda- Octopuses, Squids
 General Characteristics:
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Most numerous marine group, very diverse.
Soft body covered in CaCO3 (bivalves & gastropods)
One way digestion
Some herbivores and some carnivores
Mollusca Foldable
 Diagrams: (please label the class under your diagram)
Reproduction: External fertilization- bivalves, chitons, & some snails
 Sperm & eggs are released into water
 Internal fertilization-cephalopods & most snails
 Cephalopods have modified arm (Hectocotylus) to transfer sperm
to female
Phylum
Mollusca
• Includes these classes:
• Snails-class Gastropoda
• Clams-class Bivalvia
• Octopuses, Squids-class Cephalopoda
• There are more species of mollusks in the ocean than
any other group
• Soft body protected by a shell of calcium carbonate
• Very diverse in body structures and habits
Mollusk Diversity
Biology
• Much more complex than Cnidarians or Sponges
• Has a separate mouth and anus (1 way)
• Has salivary and digestive glands
• herbivores & carnivores (predators & filter feeders)
• circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen
• Heart pumps blood to all tissues
• Most have open circulatory system (leaky),
cephalopods a closed circulatory system
• Nervous system simple to complex
• Most have separate sexes
• Some species are hermaphrodites
• External fertilization- bivalves, chitons, & some snails
• Sperm & eggs are released into water
• Internal fertilization-cephalopods & most snails
• Cephalopods have modified arm to transfer sperm to
female
class Gastropoda
• Snails-”stomach foot”
• Largest group
• Approx 90,000 species
• Mostly marine
• Body is coiled up inside shell
• Shell sits on a ventral foot
Nudibranch
(sea slugno shell)
Tulip snail
(with shell)
Body Structure
Mantle
• thin layer of tissue that produces the shell
Foot
Head
• muscular, used in locomotion
• some are well developed & have eyes
• area with small teeth used in scraping algae
or other food from surfaces, made of chitin
Radula
• hard plate used to close opening once
head/foot retracts into shell
Operculum
• Gas exchange is through gills
class Bivalvia
• Oysters (cement themselves to
hard surface)
• Clams (burrow)
• Mussels (attach to rocks using
byssal threads),
• Body compressed between two
shells
• Very large source of food for
humans and other marine
animals.
class Cephalopoda-2 in to 30 ft
• Cephalopods-most complex brain of all invertebrates
• considered intelligent and capable of
learning
• Most cephalopods display color changes correlated to
certain behaviors
• Hectocotylus-Specialized arm transfers a
spermatophore (packet of sperm)
• After eggs hatch female usually dies
Blue-ringed
Octopus
(Hapalochlaena)
giant pacific
octopus - Octopus
dofleini
Giant Squid
• Cephalopoda Camouflage
• Octopus vs Crab
• Cone Snail
Wednesday, April 27th
No RTW: Mollusca group be ready to
present when the bell rings!
• Objective:
• I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations
to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla:
Mollusca.
• Agenda:
• Mollusa Fish Food Presentation
• Homework:
• Fish Food Project
Thursday, April 28th
Pg. 118 RTW: Would you rather fight a
100 duck size horses or 1 horse size
duck?
• Objective:
• I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations
to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla:
Aves.
• Agenda:
• Aves Foldable
• Aves group be ready to present tomorrow!
• Homework:
• Fish Food Project
Chordata Foldable (Class Aves)
 Examples:
Marine and coastal birds: Pelicans, Albatross, Blue-footed booby,
Sandpipers, Penguins.
Bird orders end in the suffix –iformes
Characteristics:
Light weight bones
Endothermic
Three feather types: Down, Contour, Powder
Most have a gland to convert saltwater to freshwater
Several species have webbed feet for swimming
Chordata foldable (marine birds)
• Diagram:
• Reproduction: egg-laying, internal fertilization
Marine Birds
Class: Aves
Characteristics
• Depend on the ocean for survival
• Lightweight bones
• Return to land to breed.
• Endothermic = create their own body heat
• 3 Types of feathers:
• 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth.
• 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for
flight.
• 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down
•http://www.birds.cornell.edu/
•Online Bird Guide
Bird Orders
•Class Aves broken into 29 orders
•All orders end in –iformes
•Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans
(totipalmate swimmers)
•Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds
Diving Pelagic Birds
• Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea
• Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross
• Migrate thousands of km each year
•Large nostrils located in short
tubes on sides/top of bill
•Spend most of life at sea
•Come to land only to breed
•Wandering Albatross-Largest
wingspan of all living birds (nearly
12 feet)
Wandering Albatross
Wandering
Albatross
chick
Shearwater
Penguins
•Can dive down 800 meters for
food
•Flightless, marine, pelagic,
swimming and diving birds
•The Emperor Penguin is the
largest @ 4ft, 75lb
Penguins
• The most aquatic of all marine birds
• 15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere)
• No contour feather (can’t fly)
• Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers
• Excellent swimmers/divers
• Eyes adapted for underwater vision
• Both males and females take care of watching the egg and chicks
Babies
Adelie Penguins
Emperor Penguins
Rockhopper Penguin
King Penguins
Penguin
Totipalmate Swimmers
•All 4 toes are webbed
•Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants&
Frigatebirds
•Some breathe through their
mouth (nasal openings are
closed)
American White Pelican
Blue-footed
Booby
Long-legged Waders
•Herons, Egrets, Ibises, Spoonbills,
Storks & Vultures
•Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in
flight
Herons &
Egrets
have S shaped
neck in flight
•Storks hold
neck extended
in flight
•Bird populations decreased
because of plume hunters
(1902-1903)
•Fashionable for women to
wear feathers in their hats
•4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)
•1,608 packages of plumes in a
commercial sales room in 1902
•Each package weighed 30 oz
totaling 48,240 oz
•Required the lives of 192,960
herons
Flamingos
•Pink plumage due to carotenoids
obtained from food, cyanobacteria
•Most unusual feature is the bent bill
held upside down to feed
•At one time occurred naturally
in the state of Florida
•Nest made on a cone shaped
pedestal of mud
•Young swim day of hatching
Flamingo
Marsh birds
•Crane, Coots & Moorhens
•Losing more species of birds
than any major order of birds
•The Whooping Crane is the
tallest American bird
Whooping
Crane &
chick
Sandhill
Crane
-More
commonly
seen
Roseate Spoonbill
Shorebirds
•Much diversity
•Divers, skimmers, waders
•Lakes, coastal waters, beaches,
meadows
Shorebirds
• Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill
• Snowy egret – long, flexible neck
• Roseate Spoonbill
• Sea ducks
• Sea Gull - scavengers
American Avocet
Diurnal Birds of Prey
•Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys
•Have short, decurved hooked
beaks
•Excellent eyesight
•Feed on birds, mammals, fish or
reptiles
Osprey
Kingfishers
•Large heads with spearlike bills
•Dive straight into water for fish
Belted Kingfisher
Perching Birds
•All the Songbirds
•Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens, Warblers,
etc.
•Includes Loggerhead Shrike & Florida
Scrub Jay
Feather Anatomy
What is preening?
• Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for
their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick
through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that
are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a
gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay
healthy and shiny.
• Wandering Albatross
• Blue Footed Booby Dance
Friday, April 29th
No RTW: Aves group be ready to
present when the bell rings!
• Objective:
• I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations
to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla:
Aves.
• Agenda:
• Aves Fish Food Presentation
• Fish & Sharks group send digital documents by today!
• Homework:
• Fish Food Project