Transcript Organs to Organ Systems

EQ: What are the major organs and organ systems of the
human body?
SPI 0707.1.3 Explain the basic functions of a major organ system
A: Review cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Show United Streaming video segment, Organs: Organized
tissues (1:28)
T:
•Show United Streaming video, Basics of Biology: the Human
body: Organ Systems Working Together (13:40)
•Working in pairs, student will be given a stack of organ cards with
function on the back. They will organize cards into systems.
•We will go over systems as a class to ensure accuracy.
•Students will take notes on their Organ Systems Worksheet from
the PowerPoint and the United Streaming video
S: Instructor will hold up various organs and organ systems for
each student to identify on paper.
Human Anatomy and Body Systems
Levels of Organization
Remember, the human body is organized in several levels,
from the simplest to the most complex. . .
Cells – the basic unit of life
Tissues – clusters of cells performing a similar function
Organs – made of tissues that perform one specific
function
Organ Systems – groups of organs that perform a
specific purpose in the human body
***The purpose of the 11 organ systems is for the human
body to maintain homeostasis.
Organs to Organ Systems
When 2 or more organs work together they create an organ
system. The 11 human body systems are as follows:
-- nervous system
-- integumentary system
-- respiratory system
-- digestive system
-- excretory system
-- skeletal system
-- muscular system
-- circulatory system
-- endocrine system
-- reproductive system
-- lymphatic (immune) system
The Digestive System
Purpose: ingests food, breaks it down into smaller units,
absorbs the nutrients, and eliminates the unused parts (waste).
Major Organs and their Functions:
Mouth – to chew and grind up food
-- saliva also begins the chemical breakdown
Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach
Stomach – secretes a strong acid that leads to breakdown of food
Pancreas – produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels
Liver – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods
Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that stores bile for future use
Small Intestine – after digestion is complete, the chyme enters the small
intestine where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
Large Intestine – removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready
for excretion
The Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus
Large Intestine
Anus
Stomach
Small Intestine
The Excretory System
Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water
and salts
Major Organs and Their Functions
Kidneys – the main organs of the excretory system
-- waste-laden blood enters the kidney and the kidney
filters out the excess water and other waste products,
which eventually travel out of the kidney as urine
--eventually they travel through the ureter to the
urinary bladder
Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through
the rectum and then out the anus.
Skin – sweat glands remove excess water/salts from the body
Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide
The Excretory System
The Respiratory System
Purpose: to provide the body with a fresh supply of oxygen
for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon
dioxide
Major Organs and Their Functions
Nose – internal entry and exit point for air
Pharynx – serves as a passage way for both air and food at
the back of the throat
Trachea – the “windpipe”, or what connects to your lungs
-- a piece of skin, called the epiglottis, covers the
trachea when you swallow, preventing food from
entering
Lungs – take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Bronchi – the two large passageways that lead from the
trachea to your lungs (one for each lung)
The diaphragm is the muscle that causes you to breath
-- hiccups are involuntary contractions of the
diaphragm
The Circulatory System
Purpose: to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and
organ systems in your body so they can undergo cellular
respiration
Major Organs and Their Functions
Heart – the major muscle of the circulatory system
-- pumps blood through its four chambers (two
ventricles and two atria)
-- pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it
gets oxygenated, returned to the heart, and then
pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body
-- valve regulate the flow of blood between the
chambers
Arteries – carry blood away from the heart and to the major
organs of the body
Veins – carry blood back to the heart away from the major
organs of the body
Capillaries – small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs
Blood – the cells that flow through the circulatory system
-- red blood cells carry oxygen
-- white blood cells fight off invaders with the immune
system
-- platelets help in blood clotting
Spleen – helps to filter out toxins in the blood
Image of the Circulatory System
The Nervous System
Purpose: to sense and provide instructions for the body to
respond to change
Major Organs and Their Functions
Brain – control center of the body, where all processes are
relayed through
-- consists of cerebrum (controls though and senses)
and cerebellum (controls motor functions)
Spinal Cord – sends instructions from the brain to the rest of
the body and vice versa
-- any organism with a major nerve cord is classified as
a chordate
Nerves – sensors in the muscle cells throughout the body
The Endocrine System
Purpose: to control growth, development, metabolism and
reproduction through the production and secretion of
hormones
Major Organs
-- hypothalamus
-- pituitary gland
-- thyroid
-- parathyroid
-- adrenal glands
-- pancreas (also part of digestion)
-- testes (male)
-- ovaries (female)
The Skeletal System
Purpose: to provide structure and support to the human
body
Bones are where new blood cells are generated (in the
marrow), and require the mineral calcium for strength
Major Bones of the Human Body
-- femur (thigh bone)
-- humerus (upper arm)
-- radius and ulna (lower arm)
-- cranium (skull)
-- sternum (breastbone)
-- clavicle (shoulder blade)
-- fibula and tibia (calf)
-- vertebrae (back)
-- scalpula (shoulder)
-- pelvic bone
-- coccyx (tail bone)
-- phalanges (fingers/toes)
The Muscular System
Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to
produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the
human body
-- muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary
Major Muscles in the Human Body:
•biceps
•triceps
•deltoids
•glutes
•hamstrings
The Immune System
Purpose: to remove infectious diseases and other foreign
invaders from the human body
Major Organs and Their Functions
Skin – the body’s largest organ, the skin is the body’s first line
of defense because it protects your body from the outside.
White Blood Cells – recognize disease agents and create
antibodies to remove them
Lymph Nodes – help restore fluid lost by the blood and return
it to the circulatory system
TCAP Practice
Put the following in order from simplest to most
complex.
A. frog, cardiac muscle, blood cell, heart
Frog
B. blood cell, cardiac muscle, frog, heart
Cardiac muscle
C. heart, blood cell, cardiac muscle, frog
Blood cells
D. blood cell, cardiac muscle, heart, frog
Heart
TCAP Practice
The pancreas, which is made of a variety
of different cells, helps to digest foods by
producing a variety of different enzymes.
The pancreas is a type of
__________________.
A. organelle
B. species
C. cell theory
D. organ
TCAP Practice
What could be used as the missing
heading?
Body Part
?
Bones
Mouth
Stomach
Cartilage
No
Yes
Yes
No
Ligaments
No
Small
Intestines
Yes
Esophagus
Yes
A. Part of the Nervous System
B. Part of the Digestive System
C. Part of the Skeletal System
D. Part of the Circulatory System
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Kidneys
Bladder
Heart
Blood
Vessels
Skin
Brain
Nerves
Spinal Cord
Produces bile
that breaks down
Nutrients are
fats, proteins,
absorbed into
and
the blood stream
carbohydrates
The tube through
which food
travels from the
mouth to the
stomach
Contains
enzymes and
hydrochloric
acid to break
down food
Produces
enzymes that
break down fats,
proteins, and
carbohydrates
Stores bile that
is produced by
the liver
Filter wastes and
poisons from the
blood
Carry blood to
the heart
Rids the body of
liquid waste and
regulates body
temperature
Pumps oxygen
rich blood
throughout the
body
Interprets
information and
issues
commands
Electrical
impulses carry
messages
Stores liquid
waste
Connects brain
with nerves
throughout the
body
Glands
Males:
Testes
Females:
Ovaries
Nose
Lungs
Lymph
Nodes
White Blood
Cells
Bones
Cartilage
Muscles
Tendons
Spleen
Produce hormones Produces male sex
which regulate
cells
body activities
Exchange oxygen
& carbon dioxide
in the blood
Very hard, stiff,
jelly-like
connective issue
which is mostly
replaced by bone
Produce female
sex cells
Warms and
moistens air; traps
unwanted dust &
bacteria
Act as filters or
traps for foreign
particles like
viruses
Protect the body
against attack by
bacteria & viruses
Give body
structure and
produce blood
cells
By contracting,
these cause your
body to move
Attach bones to
muscles
Destroys damaged
& worn out red
blood cells
Digestive
System
Excretory
System
Circulatory
System
Nervous
System
Reproductive
System
Endocrine
System
Respiratory
System
Immune
System
Skeletal
System
Muscular
System