Transcript Tissues, Organs, and Systems

Miss Van Heuven
There are many different types of cells in the
human body. None of these cells would function
well on their own, they are part of the larger
organism that is called --- you.
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Cells group together to form tissues
 A collection of similar cells
 Join together to perform a specific function
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Tissues are 60-99% water with various
dissolved substances
This water is slightly salty in nature and is
called “tissue fluid”
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Dehydration= when there is an insufficient
amount of tissue fluid
Edema= when there is an excess amount of
tissue fluid
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Dehydration consequences:
 Deterioration of health
 Decrease in sports performance
 Depletion of energy
 Bad Mood!
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Quick Test:
 How fast does your skin bounce back?
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When you don’t get enough water, the
effects can be devastating and even fatal!
VIDEOS:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1L1jK2N
7OA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8HlsY6T
Ugk
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Take the following online quiz and see how
you do!
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http://sportsmedicine.about.com/library/qui
z/blquiz2_q1.htm
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4 primary types of tissue in the human body:
 Epithelial
 Connective
 Muscle
 Nerve
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Covers the surface of the body and is main
tissue in the skin
Forms the lining of the intestinal, respiratory,
circulatory, and urinary tracts
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Adds support and structure to the body
2 main classifications:
 Soft
 Hard
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Type 1: Adipose (fatty) tissue
 Stores fat as a food reserve or source of energy
 Insulates the body
 Fills empty areas and acts as padding
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Type 2: Fibrous tissue
 Ligaments and tendons
 Help hold body structures together
Many sports require
protective padding
 Where is our body’s
natural protective
padding?
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Cartilage and bone
 Cartilage = tough, elastic material that is found in
between bones
 Cartilage acts as a shock absorber (padding) and
allows for flexibility
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Why is bone considered “connective tissue”?
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Feel and compare the following:
 Jaw vs. Ear
 Cheek Points vs. Nose
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Special tissue that can contract and relax
Produces power and action by movement of
muscle fibers
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There are 3 main types:
 Skeletal (muscles
attached to bones for
body movement)
 Cardiac (muscles
causing the heart to
beat)
 Smooth (muscles in the
walls of respiratory,
digestive, urinary tract,
and blood vessels)
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Controls and coordinates the body by
transmitting messages (electrical signals)
throughout the body
Made of special cells called neurons
The nerves, brains, and spinal cord are
composed of nerve tissue
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Walk around the room…when teacher says
“stop” extend your arms and grab 2 shoulders
(on different people)
Now let’s see if we can send a message
through the entire chain like neurons!
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Messages to send:
 “Don’t mess this up (last person in line’s name)”
 “Only 5 weeks until Thanksgiving break!”
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You accidentally place your hand on the hot
eye of the stove top:
 Nerve Tissue: sends message to brain that hand
must be quickly removed
 Muscle Tissue: contracts to make hand move
away from stove
 Soft Connective Tissue: acts as padding and
prevents deeper damage
 Epithelial Tissue: damaged skin cells by extreme
heat
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Answer the questions by holding up the
correct/corresponding number with your
fingers
 1.) Epithelial Tissue
 2.) Connective Tissue
 3.) Muscle Tissue
 4.) Nerve Tissue
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Ask the following questions to the class:
 The lining of your kidney
 The skin you are touching when you apply lotion
 Flexing your huge biceps
 How messages get sent throughout the body
 How your heart beats
 The bendable part of your ear
 Your shin bone
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Organ = structure containing at least 2 types
of tissue working together for a common
purpose
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Largest organ in the human body = SKIN!
3 layers of skin:
 Epidermis
▪ (Barrier between us and outside world)
 Dermis
▪ (Has blood vessels and nerves so we can feel things)
 Subcutaneous
▪ (Cushions the skin and protects us from the cold)
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A Body System is composed of organs
working to accomplish something more
complex than what a single organ can do on
its own
 Body System = multiple organs connected to
accomplish a goal together
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11 Major Body Systems:
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Integumentary
Muscular
Skeletal
Nervous
Endocrine
Circulatory
Immune
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
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Consists of: Your SKIN!
Helps protect your body from invasion
Helps regulate your body temperature
(sweating, shivering, hair growth, etc.)
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Produces movement
Protects internal organs and bones
Produces body heat
Maintains posture
Consists of:
 Skeletal muscles
 Smooth muscles
 Cardiac Muscles

Voluntary vs. Involuntary
Muscles
 Voluntary = we control
▪ Skeletal Muscles
▪ Our brain sends messages via
our Nervous System
 Involuntary = we do not
consciously control
▪ Cardiac and Smooth Muscles
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Wiggle your toes and fingers
Kick your legs
Squeeze your gluteus muscles 5 times
Wiggle your lungs
Wiggle your ears
Make your heart stop beating
Pat your head while rubbing your belly in a
clockwise motion
Reverse it!
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How do our muscles move???
 1.) Muscles are connected to bones by tendons
 2.) Convert chemical energy into tension
 3.) Produce movement simply by shortening
(contraction) and then lengthening (relaxation)
 4.) Muscles pull, but they cannot push!
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This is the body’s frame
 Bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons
 Provides support and structure
Helps to protect organs (ex: brain)
 Stores calcium, phosphorus, and
produces blood cells
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2 parts of Skeletal System:
 Axial Skeleton
▪ Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
▪ Protects organs, brain, nervous
system
 Appendicular Skeleton
▪ Upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle
▪ Makes motion possible
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The Skeletal System:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dRBe8JBVs
**(Pause after 1:20)**
What we would look like if we had no bones:
http://www.imdb.com/video/hulu/vi11862023
93/
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Coordinates and controls body activities
Sends electrical signals through body
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Central Nervous
System (CNS)
 Brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
 Connects the CNS to the
rest of the body
▪ Allows for motion and
sensation
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Activity:
 2 volunteers
 1 student will be the “dummy”
 Teacher = Central Nervous System (creating
messages to be delivered)
 Other student = Peripheral Nervous System
(receiving messages and carrying them out in the
body)
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(Student) wakes up in the morning and starts
to walk to school
(Student) looks at his/her watch and realizes
he/she is late! So they he/she starts to run
(Student) hears his/her favorite song playing
from Miss V’s Jeep….so he/she starts to dance
(Student) starts to eat his/her cali burrito
while dancing
(Student) see a hot boy/girl passing and gives
him/her his/her sexy pose
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VIDEOS
School House Rock!:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_irrH1
WY
Short Lecture:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCL
nVkA
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Produces and secretes hormones to regulate
body processes
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Glands = group of cells that secrete (give off)
chemicals
Hormones:
 Regulate mood, growth, and development
 Allow reproductive processes
 Control metabolism
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Major parts:
 Hypothalamus
 Pineal Body
 Pituitary
 Thyroid and Parathyroid
 Pancreas
 Adrenal
 Reproductive (Testes or
Ovaries)
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Go to the following website:
http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_b
asics/endocrine.html#
1.) List each part of the Endocrine System
2.) Define where it is found in the body
3.) Describe it’s function
 (Ex: Hypothalamus = Found in the lower central part of the brain, this
portion of the Endocrine System is responsible for….)
A.K.A: Cardiovascular
System
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 Heart and blood vessels
 (Includes arteries and
veins)
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A pumping heart
forces blood to move
in a circle throughout
the system
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Blood:
 About 55% plasma
▪ (fluid containing water,
proteins, sugar, hormones,
etc.)
 Carries oxygen and
nutrients to entire body
 Carries waste products
away from cells
 Helps produce cells to
fight infection
 Has clotting agents
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Our bodies actually have 2 Circulatory
Systems:
 Systemic
▪ Carries oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the
body
▪ Returns deoxygenated blood back to heart
 Pulmonary
▪ Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs
▪ Returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart
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Let’s exercise our Circulatory System!
Resting Heart Rate
Heart Rate after 30 sec. of light exercise
What a difference!
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(Lecture Clip)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE8tGkP
5_tc
Best Song Ever!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqhvmU
EdOYY
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**We will cover anatomy of the heart and
circulatory system in our next unit**
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Breathes in oxygen
Eliminates carbon dioxide
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Primary function = supply blood with oxygen
that will be delivered to all parts of body
Consists of:
 Nose and mouth
 Trachea/Throat
 Bronchi
 Alveoli
 Lungs
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Paper ball race
Each side of the room will pick one person to
represent their team
The 2 elected representatives will race to
blow a paper ball from one end of the table to
the other
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**We will go over the Respiratory System
more in the next lessons **
Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_
84A
Song that will get stuck in your head!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXO
M6wgE
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Go to the following website:
http://www.lung.org/your-lungs/how-lungswork/
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Click on each part of the Respiratory System
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Record each part in your notebooks and it’s
role in the Respiratory System
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Consists of:
 Lymph nodes
 Lymph vessels
 Bone marrow
 Spleen
 Thymus
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Filters lymph
 Lymph = white watery fluid that is removed from
blood during “cleaning process”
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Collects and transfers fluids and plasma back
into bloodstream
Assists with fighting infection
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Example: Doing the dishes
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Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhXdNnTZUo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTXTDqv
PnRk
Works with Lymphatic
System
 Our body’s defense
system against
disease and infection
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3 types of responses to danger (in the order they
occur):
 Anatomic response
▪ Physically prevents substances from entering body
▪ Ex: skin, stomach acid, membrane around organs, etc.
 Inflammatory system
▪ Pushes the invaders out of your body
▪ Ex: sneeze, cough, runny nose, fever, swelling
 Immune response
▪ White blood cells fight infection
▪ Works with Lymphatic System to filter out bacteria/infection
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Leukocytes (White blood cells) = our
soldiers that fight the “bad guys”
White blood cells made by bone marrow
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1 volunteer will fight off invading bacteria
Then 5/more volunteers will join powers to
fight off that same bacteria
The system is strong: white blood cells,
anatomic response, inflammatory response,
etc.
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Artistic Tutorial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw27_j
MWw10
Child cartoon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJEc2G
DEfz8
Digests food
(physically and
chemically)
 Transports food
 Absorbs nutrients and
converts to energy
 Eliminates waste
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Food’s path:
 Saliva and teeth slightly
break down food
 Esophagus = stretchy 10
inch pipe connecting back
of throat to stomach
 Epiglottis = flap that
covers your windpipe
 Stomach = shaped like
letter “J” stores and breaks
food down into liquid
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And the path continues:
 Small Intestine: NOT
SMALL! (Adult = 22 ft
when stretched out)
 Extracts good stuff from
food with help from Liver,
Pancreas, and Gall
Bladder
 Nutrients then go to Liver
and are mixed into blood
 Waste moves on to Large
Intestine
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And continues….
 Large Intestine is fatter,
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but not longer than the
small intestine
Appendix = at the end, but
no real function
Colon = last chance to
absorb nutrients (including
H20)
So material becomes
hard… i.e: poop!
Exits via the Rectum and
finally the Anus
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Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1q2srfU
U0g
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7xKYNz
9AS0
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Filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte
balance in the body
Produces and eliminates urine
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You drink…you pee… but it is more complex
than that:
 **Kidneys: filter waste from blood and produce
urine
 Ureters = 2 thin tubes that take urine from
kidneys to Bladder
 Bladder = a sac that holds urine until it is time to
go
 Urethra = a tube that carries urine out of the body
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1wr
TgE
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Provides for reproduction
Different for males and females
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Main male parts:
 Testes (where sperm are produced) and Penis
 Vas deferens (tube) carries semen (fluid
containing sperm) into abdominal cavity and then
out of the ejaculatory duct
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Main female parts:
 Vagina, uterus (receptacle for semen), and ovaries
(produce the ova)
 Vagina is attached to uterus by cervix
 Uterus is attached to ovaries by fallopian tubes
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Fertilization = 2 types
of sex cells (gametes)
meet in the female
reproductive organ:
 Sperm (male) and
Egg/Ovum (female)
Sperm combines with
egg cell
 Characteristics passed
onto offspring through
genes
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