Transcript Rat Dissection

Dissection Guide to the Rat
The Norway rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
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Scientific Name:
Rattus norvegicus
Common Name: Rat
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Subphylum- Vertebrata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Rodentia
Family: Muridae
RATS
Anatomical Terms
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Cranial-toward the head
Caudal-toward the tail
Dorsal-toward the backbone
Ventral-toward the belly side
Lateral-toward the side
Medial-toward the middle
Proximal: closer to the the base of a structure
Distal: farther away from a structure
External Anatomy
• The body is long
and cylindrical:
• Head, neck,
trunk, anterior
limbs, posterior
limbs, tail.
External Anatomy
• Head: eyes, nostrils,
external ears (auriculars),
mouth, whiskers.
• Neck: (head , trunk).
• Trunk: (thorax, abdomen).
• Ant. limbs: 4 digits
• Post. limbs: 5 digits
Male External Features:
Female External Features:
Mouth Cavity
Cleft lib
Rhinarium
Diastema
Mouth Cavity
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Process:
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REMOVING SKIN
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REMOVING SKIN
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REMOVING SKIN
Internal Anatomy
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Lesson One
Digestive
System
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ORAL CAVITY
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ORAL CAVITY
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ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Colon
Esophagus
Ileum
Stomach
Appendix
Duodenum
Cecum
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Lesson Two
Urinogenital
System
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EXCRETORY
ORGANS
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UROGENITAL
ORGANS
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Stomach
Kidney
Ovary
Oviduct
Uterine Horn
Rectum
Urinary Bladder
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
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1. Coagulating Gland
2. Urinary Bladder
3. Vas Deferens
4. Epididymis
5. Small Intestines
6. Seminal Vesicle
7. Prostate Gland
8. Penis
9. Testis
10.Scrotum
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
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Key words and Functions:
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Seminal vesicle: secrete thick liquid to
transport sperms.
Coagulating gland: is to secrete fluids to form
the copulatory plug to help ensure fertilization.
Prostate gland: secrets thin alkaline solution.
Vas deferens: transportation, ejaculation.
Epididymis: transportation, maturation, ejac.
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Cowper’s gland: secretions may lubricate,
flush out urine or form gelatinous plug.
The preputial glands: produce pheromones.
The preputial glands of female animals are
sometimes called clitoral glands.
Testis: sperm production.
Penis: Copulation.
Scrotum: protection.
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Lesson Three
Circulatory
System
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HEART
To LUNGS
To BODY
From BODY
To LUNGS
From LUNGS
From LUNGS
From BODY
1. Blue is deoxygenated blood (from the body, going to the lungs)
2. Red is oxygenated blood (from the lungs, going to the body)
3. Arteries are thick walled
4. Veins are thin walled
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Trachea
Heart
Lung
Diaphragm
THORACIC CAVITY
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RESPIRATORY
ORGANS
Esophagus
Carotid
Jugular
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HEART +
LUNGS
Arterial System
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Rat Thoracic
Arteries
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Venous System
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THORACIC
CAVITY
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Rat Abdominal
Cavity
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1. Abdominal Aorta
2. Renal Artery (left)
3. Renal Vein (left)
4. Inferior Vena Cava
5. Hepatic Portal
Vein
ABDOMINAL
CIRCULATION
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Lesson Four
Endocrine
System
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Lesson Five
Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS):
Brain and Spinal Cord
Control and Integration Center
Organizational Levels of the
Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Nerves from brain and spinal cord
Communication lines between CNS
and rest of body
Sensory (afferent) Division
Body Receptors
Sends stimulus from
receptors to CNS
Motor (efferent) Division
Motor Neurons
Sends stimulus from CNS to
muscles (and glands)
Autonomic Nervous
System
Involuntary Control
Conducts impulses
from the CNS to
involuntary muscles
Sympathetic Division
Fight or Flight
Mobilizes involuntary
systems during emergencies
Somatic Nervous
System
Voluntary Control
Sends stimulus from
CNS to skeletal
muscles
Parasympathetic Division
Resting and Digesting
Promotes non-emergency
involuntary functioning
medulla oblongata
Nervous System
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Lesson Six
Skeletal System