Transcript The development of vaccinations began when Edward Jenner

The development of vaccinations began
when Edward Jenner noticed that
________.
1.
rats were always present when
people contracted bubonic
plague
people who had earlier exposure
to cowpox did not develop
smallpox
people who drank water from a
particular public water pump
developed cholera
bacteria removed from a sick
animal would cause the same
illness if injected into a healthy
animal
2.
3.
4.
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An antigen is ________.
1.
any molecule that the body
recognizes as foreign
the DNA or RNA of an
infective pathogen
an alternate term for an MHC
complex
the collection of circulating
proteins which kill or tag
microbes
2.
3.
4.
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Nonspecific immunity includes
________.
1. the skin and
epithelial linings like
those in the lung
2. macrophages
3. lymphocytes and
neutrophils
4. the liver and spleen
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4
Not commonly considered to be helpful,
________ is a defensive response that
________.
1.
2.
all of the choices
sneezing, expels
irritants from the nasal
cavity
mucous, traps microbes
in a sticky fluid
diarrhea, flushes
microbes from the
intestines
3.
4.
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4
Memory cells play a vital
immune role ________.
1.
when you are first
exposed to a pathogen
when you are exposed
to a disease for the
second time
in non-specific immunity
in the primary immune
response
2.
3.
4.
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25%
4
B cells are primarily activated by
the activities of ________.
1. antigen and
complement
2. plasma cells
3. helper T cells
4. macrophages
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4
The relationship between antigen and
antibody is most like ________.
1. a battery and a
flashlight
2. a hand and a glove
3. a hammer and a nail
4. a left foot and a right
foot
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Cytotoxic T cells protect the
body by ________.
1.
making antibodies that
float free in the body
fluids
activating the
complement system
secreting toxic
substances that destroy
pathogens
phagocytizing invaders
2.
3.
4.
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What is the value of lymph passing
through the lymph nodes?
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nodes store millions of B
cells and can release them in
an emergency
macrophages examine the
lymph for the presence of
foreign objects like bacteria
nodes produce most of the
circulating white blood cells
nodes pump lymph to keep it
moving
2.
3.
4.
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Your cells have a unique MHC (major
histocompatibility complex). Directions for
producing MHCs come from ________.
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
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the thymus
the bone marrow
inherited DNA
the helper T-cells
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How is inflammation helpful?
1.
2.
it inhibits bacterial growth
it limits mobility and
facilitates rest of an injured
structure
it improves the availability of
nutrients to improve the
repair process
all of the choices
3.
4.
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Over time, antigen receptor diversity
within a population ________.
1.
decreases because less fit
individuals die and their genes
are removed from the gene pool
increases because the elements
that form the receptor genes
spontaneously rearrange
decreases because receptor
patterns that are not used are
selected against
increases because each new
generation is born of parents
that survived childhood diseases
2.
3.
4.
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Which of the following develops after
the primary immune response?
25%
25%
25%
2
3
25%
1. complement
proteins
2. macrophages
3. memory cells
4. antigens
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Activated complement brings about the
death of a microbe when it ________.
25%
1.
25%
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3
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organizes into a
membrane pore and
causes lysis of the cell
activates a chemotaxic
response in certain
phagocytic cells
mediates interactions
between immune cells
all of the choices
2.
3.
4.
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There are many types of immune system
cells. The cell that produces antibodies is
the ________.
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
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3
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macrophage
phagocyte
T lymphocyte
B lymphocyte
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Which of the following provides
long-term immunity?
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
25%
25%
2
3
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memory cells
cytotoxic T cells
antigens
complement
proteins
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3
1
4
In gene therapy ________.
25%
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25%
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25%
vaccines modify the genes to
produce more efficient
antibodies
the receptors that microbes use
to locate target cells are
modified
a virus is used to insert a
functional gene into a patient's
DNA
injections of antibodies modify
the genes of pathogenic
microbes
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3.
4.
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During antigen presentation,
MHCs are used to ________.
1.
help various immune cells
bind to one another
form presentation complexes
with antigenic fragments of
the pathogen
facilitate the exchange of
costimulatory signals
between immune cells
all of the choices
2.
3.
4.
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The antigen binding site of an antibody
is formed from the ________.
1.
constant regions of the
heavy and light chain
constant regions of two
light chains
variable regions of the
heavy and light chain
variable regions of two
heavy chains
2.
3.
4.
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The enzymes present within the
AIDS virus ________.
25%
1.
25%
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3
25%
dissolve the membrane of the
target cell to facilitate entry
build proteins that will assemble
into new AIDS viruses
build DNA from RNA, a process
called reverse transcription
break down sugars to produce
ATP needed for viral replication
2.
3.
4.
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