Transcript Non-specific, B-cells, T

This week: Protection from Pathogens
Mid-semester reports due
Office Hours emailed
Last week for corrections to Exam 1
Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens
esophagus
stomach
Pathogen: a disease causing agent
E. coli
Phage virus
Ebola
Fungus from soil
various pathogens
The Immune System
• Non-specific:
–barriers
• Specific:
–B-cells -> antibodies
–T-cells
Fig 43.2
Non-Specific Immune System
Barriers:
SkinDry
Inhospitable
Competition
Secretions (lysozyme)
Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)
Traps particles, swallowed
Stomach acid
kills pathogens
Fig 43.2
Skin protects
us from most
pathogens
Fig 43.2
Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)
Traps particles
Stomach acid
kills pathogens
esophagus
stomach
Non-Specific Immune System
Barriers:
SkinDry
Inhospitable
Competition
Secretions (lysozyme)
Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)
Traps particles, swallowed
Stomach acid
kills pathogens
Fig 43.2
The Immune System
• Non-specific:
–barriers
• Specific:
–B-cells -> antibodies
–T-cells
Fig 43.2
The Specific Immune System
B-cells and T-cells
move through the
circulatory system
scanning for
pathogens
B-cells develop in bone marrow
T-cells in the thymus
B-cells make and secrete antibodies
Fig 43.14
Variable region
An Antibody
Constant
region
Fig 43.10
Antibodies recognize and
bind to antigens
Fig 43.10
B-cells make antibodies that bind to antigens
marking them for destruction
Fig 43.19
Marked for
destruction
by WBC
Each B-cell/antibody
recognizes a specific
antigen
Fig
43.14
B-cell DNA
rearranges to
make a unique
and random gene
Fig
43.13
Each B-cell/antibody
recognizes a specific
antigen
Fig
43.14
B-cells make antibodies that bind to antigens
marking them for destruction
Fig 43.19
Marked for
destruction
by WBC
Antibody binding to antigens can lead to...
Neutralization
Fig
43.21
Engulf and Destroy
What about damaged or abnormal cells?
•Viral infections
•Cancer cells
•Non-functional cells
T-cells recognize and destroy abnormal cells
Fig 43.18
Helper T-cells activate B-cells and Killer T-cells
CB 43.17
Killer T-cells recognize and destroy abnormal
cells
Fig 43.18
Helper T-cells activate B-cells which produce
antibodies
CB 43.19
It can take 7-14 days to produce sufficient
antibodies to eliminate a pathogen
Fig 43.15
Memory B-cells make the response to a
second exposure more rapid
Fig 43.14
Memory B-cells make the response to a
second exposure more rapid
Fig 43.14
This is how
vaccines work.
Vaccines work via memory B-cells that make
the response to a second exposure more rapid
Fig 43.15
Vaccines, when
politics and
science collide...