Transcript H.BS.Body Systems Ppt 09.10 body_systems_project.10

Body Systems
Enduring Understandings
The body is an exquisite, intricate,
interconnected mechanism
Knowing how your body works allows you
to make appropriate choices and better
care for it.
Learning Targets
Essential Questions
What are the systems of the body? What
makes up each system? How do they work?
How does each system affect other systems –
how do they interact?
What choices can you make to help support
each body system?
The Digestive System
Diseases include:
•Ulcers – of any part
•Cancer – of any part
•Appendicitis
•Gallstones
•Pancreatitis
•Ulcerative Colitis/ Chron’s Disease
•Eating Disorders
Structures of the Digestive System
Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas,
small & large intestine (colon)
Functions:
breaks down food so it can provide the minerals, vitamins, proteins, and other
substances that produce energy, build and repair tissues, and keep the body
functioning
The liver transforms toxins into harmless substances that can be excreted.
The Skeletal System
Structures
ligaments, joints, bones.
Types of bones
flat, irregular, long, short
Flexible Joints
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Pivot
Gliding (Ellipsoidal)
Functions
•shapes and provides
support for your body
•protects many vital
organs
Injuries and
Diseases can
include:
•Osteoporosis
•Fractures
•Scoliosis
•Bursitis
•Bunion
•Arthritis
•Torn Cartilage
•Spina Bifida
The Muscular System
Structures: tendons and muscles
Types of muscles:
smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Tendons:
connect muscles to bones
Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles
Voluntary:
what you can control
flexion & extension
Involuntary: breathing, digestion
Diseases and Injuries:
If you did not have this system,
you would not be able
to move or breathe,
because your muscles
perform these functions.
•Fibromyalgia
•Muscular Dystrophy
•Hernia
•Tendonitis
•Strain or Sprain (RICE)
Integumentary System
The Largest
Organ in the Body
because it includes
the
Skin
plus all of the
Mucous
Membranes
Diseases and
Injuries include:
•Skin Cancer
•Eczema
•Acne
Layers of the Skin (the STRUCTURES)
Epidermis: the top or outside layer,
including the nails
Dermis: contains main functions of
the skin, including:
hair follicles, sweat and oil glands
Hypodermis: mainly fat
MAIN FUNCTIONS – what does it do?
•waterproofs your body
•keeps bacteria and viruses out
• regulates heat
The Urinary System
Injuries and Diseases include:
•Kidney Stones
•Cystitis, Urethritis, Nephritis
•Bladder Infections
•Kidney Failure – acute or chronic
Main Structures
Kidneys, Ureters,
Bladder, Urethra, Sphincter Muscle.
Functions: The urinary system cleanses the body by removing waste
and toxic substances produced by the body.
How does it work? The kidneys filter the blood to create urine.
The urine travels through the ureters to the bladder,
where it is held until it is emptied through the urethra.
The Respiratory System
Injuries and Diseases include:
•Asthma
•Bronchitis
•Emphysema
•Lung Cancer
•Lung Punctures
•Pneumonia
•Tuberculosis
Main Structures of the Respiratory System
Sinuses, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli,
Diaphragm
Function: Brings oxygen into your body and gets rid of toxins, including carbon
dioxide. This system is vital because your muscles, including your heart which
supplies oxygen to the body, need oxygen to work.
Cardio-Vascular System
Structures:
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up waste.
Injuries/Diseases include:
Stroke
Embolism
Cardio-vascular Disease
Blood Clots
Varicose Veins
The Immune System
Diseases include:
•AIDS
•Lymphoma
•Leukemia
•Allergies
Arthritis
osteo: cartilage breaks down
rheumatoid: inflammation
Diabetes
Function: Defend your body against foreign materials,
mainly bacteria and viruses.
Structures
Bone marrow:
Spleen:
Lymph nodes:
Thymus:
Antibodies:
Antigens:
B Cells & T Cells
Makes white blood cells (leucocytes).
Forms lymphocytes and destroys your worn out red blood cells.
Filters filled with lymphocytes that destroy bacteria and viruses.
Makes T cells, a type of lymphocyte.
Proteins used to attack antigens
Substances that stimulate a response from the immune system.
Specialized cells that fight pathogens
The Nervous System
Injuries and Diseases include:
•Epilepsy
•Concussions
•Meningitis
•Spinal Cord Injuries
Cerebral Palsy
Alzheimer’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
•Care: ???
Structures: brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Parts of the nerve cell:
Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse
(Neurotransmitters – the chemical messengers)
Functions:
The brain is the center of the nervous system, receiving, sending and interpreting
signals.
The spinal cord is like a highway, connecting the brain to nerves in all parts of your
body.
Presentation Schedule
Day 1
1)
2)
3)
Skeletal
Muscular
Integumentary
Day 2
1)
2)
3)
Urinary
Respiratory
Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory)
Day 3
1)
2)
Nervous system
Immune system
Body Systems Test Review
Systems Review
– Fill in any missing information for each system
in your journal or on note-taking sheet.
Structures – what makes up the system
Functions – what it does
Care – what is the best care for this system?
Problems/ Diseases of system
Interactions with other systems
Assignments
HW: Body System Interactive
Journal Check #2 – Body Systems Notes
Presentations – Individual & Group grade
Reflections on Goal #1: Intellectual
Set Goal #2: Social area
Body System Test
*T/F: if F, then correct for extra points
Decision Making
Organ Transplants
What is your Body worth?
Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’
John Q segment – Who makes the decisions
about organ transplants? And how?