Transcript CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2
THE ELEMENTS OF MALADAPTIVE
BEHAVIOR:
THEORY
TREATMENT
RESEARCH
THE ROLE OF THEORY IN
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
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SIX THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES INFLUENTIAL
TODAY
Biological
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic-Existential
Community-Cultural
THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
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GENETIC FACTORS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
GENETIC FACTORS
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Chromosomal anomalies
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Karotype
Genes
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The Human Genome Project
DNA and penetrance
Heritability
Penetrance
Behavior Genetics
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Pedigree Studies
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
BEHAVIOR GENETICS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE NEURON
THE BRAIN
THE BRAIN
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Brain
Spinal cord
Somatic System
Autonomic System
THE NEURON
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Axons
Dendrites
Neurotransmitters
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
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Neuroanatomy
Neuropathology
Neurochemistry
Neuropharmacology
Neuropsychology
BRAIN IMAGING
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COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
(MRS)
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
(PT SCAN)
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
– SIGMUND FREUD
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THEORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
THEORY OF PERSONALITY
STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
THE PSYCHIC APPARATUS
ANXIETY
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
FREUD’S MODEL OF THE MIND
THE PSYCHIC APPRATUS
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
HOW PSYCHOANALYSIS WORKS
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
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RECENT APPROACHES TO
PSYCHOANALYSIS
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Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Erik Erikson
Ego Psychology
Object Relations
Self-psychology
THE BEHAVAIORAL PERSPECTIVE
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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OPERANT CONDITINING
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Unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned
response
Conditioned stimulus-conditioned response
Positive & negative reinforcers
Punishment
Schedules of reinforcement
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES
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Modeling & role playing
SOME MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIOR
CHANGE
THE COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
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MALADAPTIVE THOUGHTS ARE THE CAUSE
OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
AARON BECK
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The goal of therapy is to help clients restructure
their thinking.
Albert Ellis
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Rational-emotive therapy helps clients question
irrational beliefs and modify unrealistic thoughts.
FOUR QUESTIONS ASKED IN
COGNITIVE THERAPY
THE HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL
PERSPECTIVE
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THE HUMANISTIC VIEW
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People are striving toward selfactualization.
Carol Rogers
THE EXISTENTIAL VIEW
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Emphasis on self-determination, choice,
and individual responsibility.
Viktor Frankl
THE COMMUNITY-CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
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Belief that maladaptive behavior results from
inability to cope effectively with stress.
Focus on attempts to reduce maladaptive
behaviors through preventive measures.
Causation theory
Social selection theory
Social roles
Labeling
AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
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Each perspective is valuable to
understanding maladaptive behavior.
Different perspectives are more
appropriate under differing conditions.
Environmental and individual factors
often interact to produce maladaptive
behavior.