Transcript positive reinforcement.

Chapter 6: Learning
Which of the following situations
show learning?
A.Glen sees his sister get grounded for
staying out too late so Glen doesn’t stay
out late.
B.Fluffy the cat gets a treat when she sits
up on command so Fluffy sits up when
she is asked to.
C.Daniel gets sick soon after eating
sausages so he never eats sausages again.
D.All of the above.
Chapter 6: Learning
Which of the following situations
show learning?
A.Glen sees his sister get grounded for
staying out too late so Glen doesn’t stay
out late.
B.Fluffy the cat gets a treat when she sits
up on command so Fluffy sits up when
she is asked to.
C.Daniel gets sick soon after eating
sausages so he never eats sausages again.
D.All of the above.
Please turn to your
neighbor and
discuss the answer.
Can you decide
what “learning” is?
Be prepared to
discuss!
Chapter 6: Learning
A candidate for governor of New York State once
mailed trash-scented campaign flyers to discourage
people from backing Democrats. He was most likely
trying to use ___________ to influence voting.
A. operant conditioning
B. learned helplessness
C. classical conditioning
D. observational learning
Chapter 6: Learning
A candidate for governor of New York State once
mailed trash-scented campaign flyers to discourage
people from backing Democrats. He was most likely
trying to use ___________ to influence voting.
A. operant conditioning
B. learned helplessness
C. classical conditioning
D. observational learning
Please turn to your
neighbor and discuss
the answer.
Can you decide what
“learning” is? Be
prepared to discuss!
Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn?
Please turn to your
neighbor and describe
an example of each of
these two types of
non-associative
learning in your life.
Please be prepared
to discuss your
examples!
Two types of non-associative learning
Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn?
The tag on the back of Michael’s shirt is very
itchy. He keeps scratching his back and pulling
at the tag, but it continues to bother him.
Michael is most likely experiencing
A.associative learning.
B.sensitization.
C.learning by watching.
D.habituation.
Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn?
The tag on the back of Michael’s shirt is very
itchy. He keeps scratching his back and pulling
at the tag, but it continues to bother him.
Michael is most likely experiencing
A.associative learning.
B.sensitization.
C.learning by watching.
D.habituation.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn?
Libby is drawing. She places her red pencil
behind her ear to use another colored pencil.
After a minute Libby doesn’t feel the pencil
behind her ear anymore and she forgets it is
there. Libby is most likely experiencing
A.learning by watching.
B.sensitization.
C.habituation.
D.associative learning.
Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn?
Libby is drawing. She places her red pencil
behind her ear to use another colored pencil.
After a minute Libby doesn’t feel the pencil
behind her ear anymore and she forgets it is
there. Libby is most likely experiencing
A.learning by watching.
B.sensitization.
C.habituation.
D.associative learning.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Han takes a shower in his family’s new apartment. He gets
the water perfect—not too hot, because that hurts!
Then Han hears his son flush the toilet. The water gets very
hot, which makes Han feel a lot of pain.
After this happens a few times, Han feels afraid when he
hears a toilet flush while he is in the shower.
How did Han learn to
feel afraid?
Use this graphic to
help you figure out the
four steps in the
classical conditioning
of Han.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Step 1 is
A.hot water.
B.the toilet flushing.
C.feeling pain.
D.feeling afraid.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Step 1 is
A. hot water.
B.the toilet flushing.
C.feeling pain.
D.feeling afraid.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the unconditioned response (UCS) in Step 1 is
A.the toilet flushing.
B.hot water.
C.feeling afraid.
D.feeling pain.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the unconditioned response (UCS) in Step 1 is
A.the toilet flushing.
B.hot water.
C.feeling afraid.
D. feeling pain.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Step 4 is
A.feeling pain.
B.the toilet flushing.
C.feeling afraid.
D.hot water.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Step 4 is
A.feeling pain.
B.the toilet flushing.
C.feeling afraid.
D.hot water.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the conditioned response (CR) in Step 4 is
A.the toilet flushing.
B.hot water.
C.feeling afraid.
D.feeling pain.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
When Han is subject to classical conditioning,
the conditioned response (CR) in Step 4 is
A.the toilet flushing.
B.hot water.
C.feeling afraid.
D.feeling pain.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Four steps in Han’s classical conditioning:
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Recall the story about Han’s being classically
conditioned.
Soon, Han notices that when he is in the
shower and hears water running through the
pipes, he feels afraid. Han is now most likely
experiencing learning through
A.spontaneous recovery.
B.stimulus generalization.
C.extinction.
D.stimulus discrimination.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Recall the story about Han’s being classically
conditioned.
Soon, Han notices that when he is in the
shower and hears water running through the
pipes, he feels afraid. Han is now most likely
experiencing learning through
A.spontaneous recovery.
B.stimulus generalization.
C.extinction.
D.stimulus discrimination.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Now Han has had enough! He asks his son to
flush the toilet many times when Han is
showering with very cold water so that Han no
longer feels afraid of the toilet flushing. Han is
attempting to perform on himself a learning
procedure called
A.spontaneous recovery.
B.stimulus generalization.
C.extinction.
D.second-order conditioning.
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Now Han has had enough! He asks his son to
flush the toilet many times when Han is
showering with very cold water so that Han no
longer feels afraid of the toilet flushing. Han is
attempting to perform on himself a learning
procedure called
A.spontaneous recovery.
B.stimulus generalization.
C.extinction.
D.second-order conditioning.
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning?
Please take two minutes to write an
example of classical conditioning
in your life.
Be sure to include the four steps
and all key terms in the process.
Are you ever
classically conditioned
about food?
Feel free to use these two examples
as inspiration.
Be prepared to discuss your
example.
Are you classically
conditioned to respond
to scary music in a
movie like Jaws?
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Please turn to your
neighbor and describe
an example in your
life of each of these
four types of operant
conditioning.
Please be prepared
to discuss your
examples.
Four types of operant
conditioning
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Lisa is a kindergarten teacher who wants her
students to cooperate with each other. So,
when the students help each other, Lisa praises
them. The students soon help each other more,
as a result of
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Lisa is a kindergarten teacher who wants her
students to cooperate with each other. So, when
the students help each other, Lisa praises them.
The students soon help each other more, as a
result of
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Why is this the correct
answer?
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Giovanni’s dog Luna won’t heel. To teach him to
heel, Giovanni puts a choke chain and a leash on
the dog somewhat tightly and goes for a walk.
When Giovanni says “Heel” and Luna walks next
to him, Giovanni loosens the choke chain. Now
Luna heels much more often than before, due to
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Giovanni’s dog Luna won’t heel. To teach him to
heel, Giovanni puts a choke chain and a leash on
the dog somewhat tightly and goes for a walk.
When Giovanni says “Heel” and Luna walks next
to him, Giovanni loosens the choke chain. Now
Luna heels much more often than before, due to
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Why is this the correct answer?
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Jill gets mad when her roommate, Brenda, uses
Jill’s stuff. Lately, when Jill catches Brenda
using her stuff, Jill will play very loudly a song
that Brenda hates. Now, Brenda is using Jill’s
stuff much less, due to the effect of
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Jill gets mad when her roommate, Brenda, uses
Jill’s stuff. Lately, when Jill catches Brenda
using her stuff, Jill will play very loudly a song
that Brenda hates. Now, Brenda is using Jill’s
stuff much less due to the effect of
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Why is this the correct answer?
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Fred racked up a $200 cell phone bill from his
texting last month, and his parents are furious.
They take away his phone for two weeks to
teach him that he must reduce his texting.
Fred’s parents are using
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Fred racked up a $200 cell phone bill from his
texting last month, and his parents are furious.
They take away his phone for two weeks to
teach him that he must reduce his texting.
Fred’s parents are using
A.positive reinforcement.
B.negative reinforcement.
C.positive punishment.
D.negative punishment.
Why is this the correct
answer?
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Please turn to your
neighbor and describe
an example of each of
these four schedules
of reinforcement in
operant conditioning
in your life.
Please prepared to
discuss your
examples!
Four schedules of reinforcement
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Please take two minutes to explain how to encourage learning
in the following situations.
1.
Angelina is a 4-year-old who rarely says please or
thank you, but you want her to do this!
2.
Billy always talks in class, and you want him to stop
this.
Choose the most appropriate:
a.method of reinforcement
b.schedule of reinforcement
Be prepared to explain why they will work.
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
After the 15th of the month, Alicia looks at her
bank account and is always excited to see her
paycheck deposited. Alicia receives her
paycheck on a __________ schedule.
A.fixed interval
B.variable interval
C.fixed ratio
D.variable ratio
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
After the 15th of the month, Alicia looks at her
bank account and is always excited to see her
paycheck deposited. Alicia receives her
paycheck on a __________ schedule.
A.fixed interval
B.variable interval
C.fixed ratio
D.variable ratio
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Timmy is trying to get a toy that comes in some
boxes of breakfast cereal. He keeps opening
boxes of cereal, knowing that if he opens
enough boxes, he will eventually find a toy.
Timmy is being reinforced on a __________
schedule.
A.fixed interval
B.variable interval
C.fixed ratio
D.variable ratio
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Timmy is trying to get a toy that comes in some
boxes of breakfast cereal. He keeps opening
boxes of cereal, knowing that if he opens
enough boxes, he will eventually find a toy.
Timmy is being reinforced on a __________
schedule.
A.fixed interval
B.variable interval
C.fixed ratio
D.variable ratio
Why is this the
correct answer?
Section 6.4: How Do We Learn by Watching Others?
Please turn to your
neighbor and describe
an example of each of
these three types of
learning-by-watching
in your life.
Please be prepared
to discuss your
examples!
Two types of learning by watching
others
Section 6.4: How Do We Learn by Watching Others?
Please take two minutes to write an
example of vicarious conditioning
in your life.
Be sure to include information
about the reinforcement and the
punishment.
Feel free to use the sibling example
as inspiration.
Be prepared to discuss your
example.
If you have a sibling,
perhaps you have
experienced vicarious
conditioning.
Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning?
Please write on an index card one question
you want answered.