Transcript Document

Behaviour
Mon 8th March.
COPY:BAT: Explain that animals inherit
certain patterns of behaviour from their
parents known as instinctive behaviour
• Starter: Write down as many examples of
instinctive behaviour that you can think
• Stepping on
drawing pin - the
pin is the
stimulus for this
behaviour.
• The reflex action
that results is
instinctive.
Instinctive responses are inherited from
parents and reinforced by natural selection
• The quicker
individuals respond
the better their
chances of survival.
Innate or Learned Behaviour?
Starter
Watch the video clips.
• Were these responses learned?
• Why does the baby have these reflexes?
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=pxvb097an3o - moro reflex
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=bal9fYVGv74 walking reflex
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=6CdPC0520L4 swimming reflex
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVLD0hl0XY Primary reflexes
Innate Behaviour
When an animal responds to something
automatically, without thinking about it we call it:
An INNATE or INSTINCTIVE behaviour or
response
A baby’s reflex response is an example of an
INNATE BEHAVIOUR
• Make a list of the different innate responses
the babies had.
• How does each behaviour help the baby to
survive?
Is it only humans that have innate
behaviour?
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=RrY2lkxBhG
U cuckoo chick in nest
Why does the newly hatched cuckoo have
this behaviour?
Be specific!!
1. It has the nest to itself – more room to grow, less
likely to fall out
2. More food and care from parents – no competition
Answer the following questions
in full sentences
• Page 46-47 Q 1-5
COPY:BAT:
Explain that animals can learn through
conditioning
STARTER: Explain why animals possess
innate behaviours.
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=a8dpAMPGmek toddler
walking
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=WndzXOQDB2A baby
feeding itself
These are examples of:
LEARNED BEHAVIOUR
It takes a while for babies to learn to
walk, eat and talk by themselves
Bahaviour that changes in the light of
experience is learned
• Pets will
show you
learned
behaviour e.g
heading for
kitchen
cupboard,
picking up
lead etc.
Hands up who likes chocolate!
Which hand did
you raise?
Number of
left hands
up
Number of
Right
hands up
Raising your hand to
answer a question is a
…………………..
behaviour
learned
Instinctively putting up an
particular hand is a
………………..behaviour
innate
Now try this with catching a
ball. Do you instinctively use
the same hand. Careful!!
What Triggers Behaviour?
• What made you instinctively catch the
ball?
• What happens if you hear a loud bang?
You behave in that way because you are
RESPONDING TO A STIMULUS (signal)
These are examples of EXTERNAL STIMULI
Can you think of other external stimuli we
respond to?
Temperature, light, touch,
smell, taste
What Triggers Behaviour?
•
•
Birds are born knowing how to
build a particular shape and
size of nest at the right time of
year.
What external stimuli are the
birds responding to?
Temperature
and hours of
daylight
What Triggers Behaviour?
What things will make a baby cry?
Feeling cold,
feeling tired,
wet/dirty nappy,
hungry, loud noise,
stranger
Which of these are External stimuli?
Feeling tired, hungry and uncomfortable are
INTERNAL STIMULI
Learning a new skill
You will need:
A card with a star shape
on it.
Tracing paper
Pencil
Mirror
stopwatch
Method:
Work in pairs – take it in turns to be
the learner and the timer
1. Measure how long it takes
to trace a shape on paper
2. Trace the shape by
looking at the reflection in
a mirror.
3. Try several times.
4. How long does it take
after practice
5. How many goes were
needed to learn this new
behaviour
• To begin with a young
pet cat will only show
interest when the food
is seen and tasted.
Seeing and tasting are
the primary stimuli
which the cat
associates with food.
• With age it starts to
associate secondary
stimuli with food e.g.
the owner heading for
food cupboard.
Conditioning
• The secondary
stimulus itself is not
directly linked to the
possibility of food but
the cat has learnt the
association.
• We say the cat has
become conditioned.
Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936
• The Russion
Ivan Pavlov
was first to
study
conditioned
behaviour
scientifically
• Pavlov noticed that when
food (the primary
stimulus) was placed in
a dog’s mmouth the flow
of saliva increased.
• He also noticed that the
flow of saliva increased
as soon as the dog smelt
his hand (secondary
stimulus) - even before
food was placed in dog’s
mouth.
• The dog’s production
of saliva was
increased when
Pavlov’s personal
smell was followed
with the taste of food.
• After a while Pavlov’s
personal smell itself
was enough to make
the dog produce as
much saliva as if it
had been given food.
• Pavlov then
conditioned dogs
to produce saliva in
response to other
stimuli, such as the
ringing of a bell.
• This type of
conditioning is
called classical
conditioning. It
fades unless it is
reinforced from time
to time.
Trial and Error conditioning
• Here the learning
develops because
of reward or
punishment.
• American scientist
B.F. Skinner (19041990) set out to
investigate this in
rats and other
animlas.
What human behaviour is a result
of this type of conditioning?
Now answer these questions in
full sentences
• Pages 48-49 Q 1-5
Plenary
• Fill in the worksheet
• How well have you achieved your BAT’s today?
What level do you think you have achieved?
Homework:
• What have I learnt this week.
• Try out the hands up and ball catching activity at
home. Do you family use the same hand as
you? Why might that be?
Choosing a place to live
• What stimulus are
woodlice responding
to when they choose
to live in dark
conditions?
• Light
• Is that an external or
internal stimulus?
• External
Which Conditions Do woodlice
prefer?
• Plan an investigation to find out if woodlice
prefer to live in dark or light conditions
using a choice chamber.
What will your Independent variable be?
What will you keep the same?
What will you measure (Dependent variable)
• Include in your plan:
• A Risk Assessment to work safely with
animals
• How you will treat the woodlice ethically
Collecting Data
Number of woodlice
Amount
of Light
Light
Dark
Try 1
Try 2
Try 3
Try 4
Average
Number
of
woodlice
Which Conditions did the woodlice
prefer?
• Draw a bar chart of the results
• Write a conclusion to answer the question
in the title.
The woodlice preferred the ……conditions.
This is probably because …………………
…………………………………………..
How could you get level 6 for this conclusion?
Look at the 3rd BAT!
Plenary
• How reliable were your results?
• What could you do to improve reliability?
Extension: What other behaviour in woodlice
could you investigate using a choice
chamber?
Lesson 3:Hibernation and Migration
BATs
4. Predict how conditions
(light levels and
temperature) in a habitat
are likely to change over
the course of a year (IQ)
5. Interpret (analyse) simply
presented temperature
records (IQ)
5.Make links between the
observed behaviour and
the benefit to the
individual organism.
(Link to survival of
species lev 6). (IQ/CT)
Starter
How does day length and
temperature vary over a
year?
Look at the data sheets to
see the range in
temperature and hours of
sunlight over a year.
Low temperatures
High
temperatures
Research
• Find out about how one plant or animal
copes with the changes in temperature
and/or daylight.
How do some animals cope with changes in
temperature and daylight?
• When it is cold some animals
……… whilst others ……. to a
warmer climate.
• They are responding to the ……..
Stimulus of ………..
• They behave like this because
…………………………………..
External migrate, hibernate, temperature
How do some animals cope with changes in
temperature and daylight?
• When it is cold some animals
hibernate whilst others migrate to a
warmer climate.
• They are responding to the external
Stimulus of temperature.
• They behave like this because they
cannot get enough food in cold
conditions to survive.
How do some plants cope with changes in
temperature and light?
• When it is cold some plants … whilst
others, like carrots and …….. plants
produce …. ……. organs to help
them survive the winter.
• They are responding to the ………
Stimuli of ……….. and …...
• They behave like this because they
cannot …………… in …. and ……
conditions.
Darker, photosynthesise, die, external, light, food
storage, cold, temperature
How do some plants cope with changes in
temperature and light?
• When it is cold some plants die whilst
others, like carrots and daffodil plants
produce food storage organs to help
them survive the winter.
• They are responding to the external
Stimuli of temperature and light.
• They behave like this because they
cannot photosynthesise in cold and
darker conditions.
Lesson 4: Courtship
BATs
4. Work in a group to create
a presentation about
courtship in an imaginary
animal (TW, CT)
5. Match the stimulus to the
behaviour.
6. Appreciate how courtship
can be linked to the
survival of the species.
(IQ/CT)
Starter
Lesson 5: Review
BATs
Create a display or mind
map to summarise what I
have learned about
behaviour (CT, RL)
Assess what level I have
achieved for this topic
based on BAT’s and level
descriptors, and know
how to get to the next
level (RL)
Starter