Transcript Culture - Ector County ISD

Culture
Way of life
Language
Literature
Music
Art
Beliefs
Technology
Religion
Material
objects
• Customs
–How they dress
–Foods they eat
Lomo Saltado - Peru
PoiHawaii
–Holidays and great turning points in life
Aspects of Culture
• Family Structure
–How many generations live together
–How family decisions are made
• Setting
– Rural – Small villages, mostly agriculture
and small crafts
– Urban – More modern, generally crowded,
greater access to education, health care, &
technology
– Movement from rural to urban can cause
those with few skills to
live in slums
• Social Structure
– Social class – similar wealth, power, &
prestige
– Most societies have the following:
• Upper class
– Earn or inherit wealth
– Own large % of property
– Often serve in ldrship roles
• Middle class
– Educated & mostly successful people
– Managers, professionals, small business
owners
• Working class
– Manual workers
– Factories
– Mining
– Transportation
– Craftsmen
• Peasants
–Farm workers
–Subsistence farmers
–Little education
–Limited experience
outside their home
areas
• Lower class
–Often uneducated and unskilled
–Least desirable, worst-paying jobs
–Often face prejudice and other social
handicaps
• Social mobility
–How easily society allows you to move
from one class to another
–Some societies allow easy change
according to ability or opportunity
–Some societies allow no opportunity or
movement
Family Structure & Gender Roles
• Some societies lock men and women into specific
roles in the home and in the world.
• Most modern societies give both equal rights.
• Men still tend to have the top jobs in business
and govt.
• Some religions severely
limit women’s rights to an
education, style of clothing, to vote, or express
themselves
Multicultural societies
• Homogeneous – almost all one ethnicity &
culture
• Heterogeneous - mix of ethnicities & cultures
• Minority problems
– Prejudice
– Discrimination & exclusion
– Expulsion & genocide
MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS
Hinduism
• Polytheistic – belief in many gods Om symbol
• Reincarnation – soul is reborn
• Karma – next life depends on how you
live this life
• Castes – social class you are born into;
cannot change caste
• Sacred object – cow; do not eat beef
• Most popular in India
Buddhism
• Follows teachings of Buddha
• Selfish desires are the source of
all
human suffering
• Eightfold Path – give up wealth, act
worthily, live righteously, respect all living
things
• Nirvana – final reincarnation & eternal bliss
• Most popular in Tibet, Japan, Thailand, &
China
Judaism
• 1st to teach monotheism – one God Yahweh
• Old Testament – history & teachings of
the Jewish people – Books of Moses are
their Torah (holy book)
• Ten Commandments – moral code for
living justly
• 80% of Jews found In Israel & U.S.
Christianity
• Jesus, founder of religion, is son of God
(Jehovah), sent to save humankind
• Rose from the dead to go to Heaven
• Man can be saved through combination of
faith & works
• Includes Catholics, Protestants, & eastern
Orthodox
• Main region in Eur. & the Americas, but found
also in Afr. & Asia
• World’s most popular religion
• Bible is the primary holy book
Islam
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Founded by Mohammed around 600 A.D.
Belief in one God, Allah
Koran (or Qu’ran) is their holy book
Popular in Middle East, South Asia, & SE Asia
• 5 Pillars of Faith
– No other God than Allah
– Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca (holiest
city)
– Give to the poor
– Fast during holy month of Ramadan
– Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca at least once in
life
Sikhism
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Combines Hinduism & Islam
Believe in reincarnation but no castes
Belief in one God
Men not allowed to cut their hair
Mostly found in Northern India
• Islam, Judaism, & Christianity are closely tied
together by
– the belief in the same God,
– some common history,
– Belief in Jerusalem as a Holy City that
should and has been fought for
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