Transcript Pre-Columbian Life - White Plains Public Schools

Pre-Columbian Life, Mayan, Aztec,
Inca’s and the Age of Exploration
Adapted by Ms. Hall from S. Gerhardt
• Objective:
– SWBAT describe what life was like in pre-Columbian life
• Do Now:
– Before people developed civilizations how did people get their food?
_______________________________________________________
– What were these people called? ________________________
• Activity:
– Brain pop/ unitedstreaming clip
• Homework:
Pretend that you have left your family to go explore Write a letter
to them explaining what you see.
Assessment:
Collection of Brain Pop activities
• It is believed that there
was a narrow strip of
land called the Bering
Strait which was located
where the Bering Sea is
now. Scientist believe
that back during the time
of the Ice Age people
walked across the Bering
Strait in search for food.
They believed these
people were hunters and
they were searching for
food. These hunters are
believed to be the 1st
American. They became
known as Nomads, which
are people who move
from place to place.
There use to be land here
Civilizations start to develop!
• Over thousands of years people started to
learn a new way of life and started to settle
around rivers. They learned how to farm and
develop irrigation systems. An irrigation
system is a human made ditch that carried
water from the rivers to the fields to water
the crops. This was a very important
development for this period of time. Without
the irrigation system people would have to
continue to hunt for food.
Since People were able to farm this
changed life:
•
•
•
•
•
Food surplus was more predictable
Fewer people died of hunger
Populations increased
Farms grew
People were able to start specializing in
different jobs
• Small villages were able to develop into larger
communities and form governments
Brain pop
Mayans
• Objective:
– SWBAT describe Mayan life and their achievements
• Do Now:
– How did the 1st people get to the Americas?
• Activity:
– Mayan Civilization
– Write your name in the Mayan’s written language
• Assessment:
– Collection of vocab sheets and 5W’s and H chart
• Homework:
– Finish your name if you didn’t in class.
Maya: 300-900 A.D.
• Mayan homeland
stretched from southern
Mexico into northern
Central America –
Yucatan Peninsula
• Divided into individual
city-states , ruled by a
god-king
• Mayan cities featured
giant pyramids, temples
and stone carvings
dedicated to the gods
Agriculture & Trade
• Mayan city-states
traded with each
other (salt, feathers,
shells and honey)
• Had no uniform
currency but cacao
beans (chocolate)
sometimes served
as one
• Grew corn, beans
and squash (used
slash-burn
agriculture )
Religion Shapes Mayan Life
• Mayans were polytheistic,
which means?
______________________
• There were gods of corn,
death, rain and war
• They prayed and made
offerings of food, flowers
and blood.
• Human sacrifice was also
used to please the gods
and kept the world in
balance
This was calendar to know when
to practice religious ceremonies
Calendar & Glyphs
• Mayans created a 365-day
solar calendar (Eighteen 20 day months, with a
separate period of 5 days
at the end)
• Based their calendar on
careful observations of the
planets, sun and moon
• Calendar helped identify
the best time to plant
crops, attack enemies and
crown rulers
Activity: Write Hello in the Mayan written language
Mysterious Mayan Decline
• Mayan decline ended in mystery
• In the late 800s Mayan cities were suddenly
abandoned
• Experts believe many theories: famine,
disease and warfare disrupting trade
• Objective:
– SWBAT describe Aztec life
• Do Now:
– What is 2 things you remember about the Mayans?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
• Activity:
– Brain pop Aztec Civilization
• Assessment:
– Collect Brian Pop vocab and matching
Homework:
– Aztec— pyramid chart
Rise of the Aztec
• Located in the Valley of Mexico
• Established their capital city of Tenochtitlan on
Lake Texacoco in 1315 (present day Mexico City)
• There they would rule until the Spanish
conquered them
Chinampas
• “Floating Islands” Rectangular shaped man
made islands used to grow crops
Aztec Religion
– As an agricultural (_________)
people, the Aztec depended
heavily on the forces of nature
and worshiped them as gods
– The Aztec believed that the
caring gods must be kept strong
to prevent the evil gods from
destroying the world they kept
the gods happy through human
sacrifice
• Human Sacrifice
– Victims of sacrifice were usually
prisoners of war, although Aztec
warriors would sometimes
volunteer for the more important
sacrificial rituals
Spanish Conquest
– In 1519 Spanish explorer Hernándo
Cortés and more than 500
Spaniards landed in eastern Mexico
in search of land and gold
– Kidnaps Aztec leader Montezuma
for a gold ransom
• Conquered all of the Aztec by 1525
• 1/3 of population killed
– Mostly from small pox ( a disease the
Europeans had)
• Survivors forced into labor mining for
gold or working on the estates of the
Spaniards
• Objective:
– SWBAT describe the Inca rise and fall
• Do now:
– Name 2 things about the Aztecs
• Activity:
•
– Brain pop (p)
– Chapter 18 The Incas: Kingdom of the Sun (s)
Assessment:
– (p) Collect Brian Pop activity
– (s) Reflective Journal on Chap 18 (AVID book p30)
• Homework:
– (p) Building Block of a Civilization
– (s) Incas —Early Civ in Asia, Africa, and the Americas pg 126 answer questions
at end
Rise of the Incas:
• 1300s, the Inca
were only a small
community in the
area of Cuzco
• Cuzco, a city
located at 11,000
feet in the
mountains of
southern Peru
• 1440s under the
leadership of
Pachacuti, the
Inca launched a
campaign of
conquest.
Incan Government
• Incan emperor exercised absolute rule and was the chief
religious leader
• What is an absolute ruler?
________________________________________________
• Claimed he was godly – the son of the sun itself
• As a god-king he owned all the land, herds mines and the
people
• From the mountain capital of Cuzco, the Incas ran an
efficient government
• Nobles ruled over the region of the Incan Empire
• Local officials carried out the day to day business of
collecting taxes and enforcing laws
Religion of the Inca
• Polytheistic – worshiped many gods
linked to the forces of nature
• What does monotheistic
mean?_______________________
• Religion was tied to the routines of
life – each month had its own
festival
• Dance of the Young Maize (corn)
and the festival of water
Accomplishments of the Inca
• All Roads Lead to Cuzco
• United large empire through a complex
road system
• Roads ran more than 12,000 miles through
mountains and deserts
• Roads allowed armies and news to move
quickly throughout the empire
• Terrace Farming:
– On steep hillsides they carved out strips of
land to be held in place by stone walls in
order to farm
Spanish Conquest
• Francisco Pizarro,
Spanish explorer,
arrived in Peru in 1532
• Kidnapped Incan
emperor for ransom
• Incas paid but Pizarro
killed the Incan
emperor anyway
Reflective Journal
What I Did
What I learned
What Questions do I have?
What Surprised Me
Overall Response:
• Objective:
– SWBAT list the reasons for the Age of Exploration and Spanish
Conquest in Latin America
• Do Now:
– How did the Mayan, Aztec and Incan empires all fall?
_______________________________________________
• Activity:
– Brain pop The Conquistadors
• Assessment:
– Collection of 5w’s and H Chart
• Homework:
– (s)Napp- The Age of Exploration or The Conquistadors
– (p) Brain pop Activity
The Age of Exploration
• The age of exploration is when countries started
to explore the world. This is the time of
Christopher Columbus. New technologies such as
the compass allowed ships to travel.
• Major Explorers and Maps
• The exploration lead to conquest. (what does
conquest
mean?___________________________)
Famous Spanish Conquistadors
•
•
•
•
•
•
Francisco Pizarro
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Juan Ponce de Leon
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Hernando De Soto
Hernando Cortes
Reason for Conquest
• New technologies such as the compass and astrolabe (both helped
tell what direction the boat was going in and what time it was.
• Carvel- a new and improved boat that allowed for sailing longer
trips. (all new technologies led to more exploration)
• Wealth – the Europeans wanted gold, silver and spices
• The Europeans wanted Power
• The Europeans wanted to Increase their opportunities for Spanish
trade
• The Europeans wanted to Spread the Catholic Religion to natives
• Encomienda system was a system of the Spaniards forcing the
natives work the land to produce the natural resources to send back
to the mother country to produce goods.
• The Europeans wanted to Build a Spanish Empire
• What does this sound similar to?
_____________________________
Columbian Exchange
Americas to Europe,
Africa & Asia
Americas to Europe, Africa &
Asia
• Corn
• Tomatoes
• Turkeys
• Pumpkins
• Tobacco
• Pineapples
• Peppers
Africa, Asia & Europe to
Americas
Africa, Asia & Europe to
Americas
• Disease (small pox)
• Livestock (sheep, pigs and horses)
• Grains (wheat and rice)
• Peaches
•Coffee beans
• Onions
• Bananas
• Sugar
• Ms. G’s Columbian exchange handout (only
read the Columbian Exchange Article and
answer the questions that follow