Transcript History and Art - Tamalpais Union High School District

History and ArtThe Muralists
Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo
Jose Clement Orozco
History and Art
• Three Major
Civilizations
• Mayans in the Yucatan
Peninsula
• Incas in Peru
• The fierce Aztecs in
Mexico
The Aztec Empire
• By 1500 the Aztec
Empire territory
included 125,000
square miles with a
population of about 10
million people
Aztec Empire
The Fierce Aztecs
The Aztecs and human sacrifice
• At least 15,000 per
year were sacrificed.
• Nourishment for the
sun god and strikes
fear in the enemy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
hA8Bjzj-aLs
Jaguar Warrior
Tenochtitlan 1345
eagle perched on a cactus eating a
serpent
Tenochtitlan
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Temples
Pyramids
Market place
palaces
Tenochtitlan Marketplace
Diego Rivera
How does Cortes do it?
Hernan Cortes
• Spanish conqueror arrives in Tenochtitlan in
1519
• Within two years had conquered the
powerful Aztec empire
• Spaniard’s resemblance to Quetzalcoatl-the
Aztec emperor Montezuma less wary than
usual.
Cortes
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Quetzalcoatl
Armor
Horses
Small pox
Angry neighbors
Conquest-Jose Orozco
Conquest-Jose Orozco
Absorption of the Indian
Jose Clemente Orozco
Creation of the Mestizo
• Genetic mixing of
Spanish and Indian
races
• Malinche synonymous
with traitor
Spanish Treatment of the Indians
• 300 years of mistreatment of the indigenous
population by the colonizing Spanish
• Catholic church helped to justify this
treatment
• Encomiendas-land grants
Colonial Domination
Diego Rivera (1933)
Colonial Domination
Rivera-1933
The Social Pyramid in Mexico
Peninsulares-Spaniards born in Spain
who filled the top positions in gov.
Criollos-people of pure Spanish
descent born in Mexico
Mestizos
Indians
Father Miguel Hidalgo
• On Sept. 16, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo,
leader of a small parish consisting of
Indians and Mestizos declared Mexico’s
independence from Spain. Soon Hidalgo
was killed as was other revolutionaries who
followed.
Fight for Liberty
Jose Orozco 1939
Benito Juarez
• Juarez is one of
Mexico’s best loved
leaders. He was
dedicated to helping
the poor and
protecting them from
corruption w/in the
church.
Juarez and the Fall of the Empire
Orozco
Juarez
• Dedicated to helping
the poor
• Against the corruption
of the church
• Fought the French
• Continued his reforms
until his death 1872
Mexican Independence
• As Mexico moved into the 19th century, it
continued to have socioeconomic
stratification based on skin color and
heritage.
Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz
• Diaz came to power in 1876-Mexican
technology for mining and agriculture had
not changed since colonial times. He rules
as a dictator for 34 years
• Most peasants lived in virtual slavery. Most
people had 1/2 of what they had to eat in
1810. People resented Diaz and this
resentment lead to the Mex. Rev of 1910