Transcript A Brothers* War: The Upper South

A Brothers’ War: The Upper
South
By Josée Campbell and Kaitlin Gibbs
The Conflict Takes Shape
 I. Fort Sumter attack
 A. Lincoln called 75,000 state militia to put down an
insurrection for 90 days
 II. War fever
 III. Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas
 A. Tied to lower Southern culture and ideology
 B. Joined the Confederacy
The First Clashes
 I. Harpers Ferry
 A. U.S. army garrison of 47 men set fire to arsenal and armory
 B. Virginians tried to salvage much of the rifle-making machinery
from destruction
 II. Gosport Navy Yard
 A. Virginia militia entrained for Norfolk to seize Gosport Navy
Yard
 B. Due to confusion of orders, the commander decided to
destroy it
 III. Secession sentiment was strong in Maryland
 A. Baltimore mob attacked several companies of the 6th
Massachusetts Regiment
The Eastern Border States: Maryland
and Delaware
 I. Maryland
 A. Remained a divided state
 B. 35,000 white men (and 9000 blacks) fought in the Union
army and navy
 C. 20,000 went South to fight for the Confederacy
 II. Delaware
 A. Slavery virtually ceased to exist there
 B. 10,000 white men and 1,000 blacks fought for Union army
and navy
 C. No more than 1,000 men fought for the Confederacy
The Western Border States: Kentucky
and Missouri
 I. Kentucky
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A. “A brothers’ war”
B. Tried to remain neutral
C. “State Guards” versus “Home Guards”
D. Confederacy troops marched into Kentucky first
 1. Kentucky Unionists considered them “invaders”
 E. Officially remained in the Union
 1. However, held a secession convention and “joined” the Confederacy
 II. Missouri
 A. Claiborne Jackson (governor) placed Missouri into Confederacy
before Unionist elements could even organize
 B. Hessian mobs
 1. 33 people died (2 were soldiers)
(Cont.) The Western Border States:
Kentucky and Missouri
 C. Lyon declares war upon former Governor Sterling Price (Unionist from
Missouri)
 D. Lyon’s surprise attack on Confederate camp at Wilson’s Creek
 1. General Franz Sigel - 1,200 men attack Confederates from the rear
 2. Lyon – 4,200 men attack from the front
 E. Lyon was shot and his men ran out of ammunition, they retreated
 F. Confederates won
 G. Fremont (Commander of the Union’s Western Department) issued an
order that would put the whole state under martial law
 H. Lincoln tells Fremont to modify his proclamation
 I. Civil War
 1. 80,000 white Missourians (and 8,000 blacks) served in Union armies
 2. 30,000 joined Confederates
 3. 3,000 fought as Southern guerrillas
West Virginia
 I. Importance
 A. Baltimore, Ohio Railroad, and Ohio River ran through it for 200 miles
 II. Confederates struck first by cutting the railroad west of
Harpers Ferry in 1861
 II. Who was in charge?
 A. General George B. McClellan - in charge of 20,000 troops to
drive out the Confederates
 B. General Robert Garnett – in charge of Confederate troops
 III. General William S. Rosecrans worked with McClellan
 A. Battle Plan – have Rosecrans troop circle behind, while
McClellan’s troops fought in front
(Cont.) West Virginia
 IV. Robert E. Lee managed the troops after Garnett died
 A. Generals John Floyd and Henry Wise took charge of some
troops but fought constantly
 B. Jefferson Davis fixed this by sending Wise to Richmond
 V. The Union won WV and the railroad
 VI. VA seceded from Union and many delegates wanted to
secede from VA
 A. 1861 – people met to create their own state (Kanawha later
became WV)
 B. 1863 – WV officially became a state with slavery abolished
East Tennessee
 I. Lincoln wanted to restore East TN to Union through a
Unionist uprising
 A. Invasion through Cumberland Gap from KT under General
George H. Thomas
 B. General Don Carols Buell canceled Thomas’s invasion
 C. Roads were bad, mountains rugged, and winter coming
(failed)
 II. Administration pressured Buell into the continuation of the
invasion led by Thomas into winter
 III. General George Crittenden and General Felix Zollicoffer
surprised Thomas at Logan’s Cross Roads
 A. However, Thomas won
(Cont.) East Tennessee
 IV. Confederate States
 A. Tennessee remained Confederate
 B. Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas became
Confederate
 V. Union
 A. The 5 border states (including West Virginia) were
Union
 B. Produced more food, animals, metals, and other
items