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Chapter 17 – The Civil War
Vocabulary
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Secession
Emancipation
Proclamation
Union
Confederacy
Reconstruction
Radical Reconstruction
Literacy tests
Poll taxes
Grandfather clauses
Anaconda Plan
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North
Minimal slavery
Industrial economy
Immigrants from Western
Europe
Immigrants from Eastern
Europe
Factories
Railroads
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South
Massive slavery
Agricultural economy
Well trained on
horseback, shooting,
knowing the land
Concepts
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Causes of the Civil
War
Emancipation
Proclamation
Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Wade-Davis Bill
Reconstructionist Act
Black codes
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Dred Scott decision
Western expansion
and its effects on
Native Americans
Plains farmers
Union (North) Battle Plan
Anaconda Plan
B
Blockade
C
Control
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Capture
Confederate (South) Battle Plan
PLAY DEFENSE
Early Encounters
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President Lincoln orders that attacks
begin…and Union troops set out from
Washington, DC on the road to
Richmond about 100 miles away
The Civil War
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Union
United States of
America
Abraham Lincoln,
President of the USA
General McClellan
General Grant
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Confederacy
Confederate States
of America
Jefferson Davis,
President of the CSA
General Robert E.
Lee
Battle of Bull Run (C)
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Union troops are heading for Richmond
(BCC)
No discipline in battle lines
This battle shows that both the UNION
and the CONFEDERATES need battle
training
Confederates win the battle!
Caution, Delay and Retreat
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After Bull Run, Lincoln appointed
General George McClellan as
Commander of the Union Army of the
East (know as the Army of the Potomac)
McClellan transforms recruits into trained
soldiers but he is too cautious
Lee counterattacks and McClellan
abandons his attack and retreats
Naval Battles
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Blockade runners – brought goods to the
Confederacy
Trade drops 90%
Iron warships
Confederates take over the USS
Merrimack and rename her the USS
Virginia
Union ship USS Monitor
Antietam (U)
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23,000 Confederate and Union soldiers
killed or wounded
No clear winner, North claimed victory
Northern forces don’t lose
Southern forces withdraw
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (C)
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Fredericksburg - one of the Union’s
worst defeats, Union defeated by guns
up on high ground – 13,000 Union
deaths, 5,000 Confederate
Chancellorsville – Union troops defeated
in 3 days…friendly fire kills Gen.
Stonewall Jackson
Shiloh – (U)
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Union victory
Bloody battle, Grant promises victory
and Union wins…which inspires the
Union troops
What was Lincoln’s Goal???
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How many slave states remained in the
Union?
Why was Lincoln so concerned with
these border states?
By mid-1862, Lincoln comes to realize
he can save the Union only by
broadening the goals of the war…but
keeping the “loyal” slave states happy
The Emancipation Proclamation
Motives and Timing
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3 million slaves working for the
Confederacy (raising food, working in
mines, serving as nurses and cooks)
Lincoln felt that he could act to free the
slaves without threatening the Union
Lincoln waited for a battle victory
(Antietam) before announcing the
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
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Freed enslaved African Americans living
in the Confederacy
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It changed the purpose of the war…now
the Union was fighting to end slavery as
well as save the Union
Hardships of War
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Life of Soldiers…harsh…from 17 to 50
New technology (cone shaped bullets
made rifles more accurate) improved
cannons
Average death/wounded in battle was ¼
Medical care was horrible…amputations,
gangrene, starvation
Opposition to the WarCopperheads (poisonous snakes…)
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Draft Law: required all males between
20 and 45 to serve…but you could pay
the government $300 or you could hire
someone to go in your place
Riots in Cities
New York City 1863, white workers
attacked free blacks, people attacked
rich NY men…74 people were killed
Habeas Corpus
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Lincoln moved to stop the rioting…he
suspended “habeas corpus” (right to be
charged or have a hearing before being
jailed)
14,000 people arrested, most were
never charged or brought to trial…they
were just held and then released
Problems in the South
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Davis had a hard time creating a strong
federal government because???
Southerners resisted paying taxes to a
central government…Georgia threatened to
seceded from the Confederacy
South had to pass a draft law…men with
more than 20 slaves did not have to serve
South almost allowed slaves to serve
Northern Economy
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Civil War cost more than any other war
Union had to use several strategies to
raise money
The war helped the Northern economy
Taxation and Inflation
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Income tax – implemented for the first
time during the Civil War..tax on people’s
earnings
New government office, Internal
Revenue Service
Inflation – rise in prices and a decrease
in the value of money
Economic Benefits
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Need for machinery for farms (because
farmers went off to fight)…farm
production went up
Wartime demand for clothing, shoes,
guns, etc. increased manufacturing
Profiteers charged excessive prices for
goods that the government needed for
the war
Southern Economy
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Economic ruin
Cost of the war
Loss of the cotton trade
Severe shortages because of blockades
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Confederacy imposed an income tax and
tax-in-kind (turn over 1/10 of your crops
to the government…because farmers
had crops but no money)
Paper money soon became worthless
One Confederate $ = 2 cents in gold
Prices….
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Barrel of flour = $275.00
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$151.00 today
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Potatoes = $25.00 a
bushel
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$20.00 today
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Butter = $15 a pound
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$2.00 at
Waldbaums on sale!
Effects of the Blockade
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Severe shortages
Soldiers had to wait weeks and even
months for re-supply of food and clothing
Women in the War
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As men went to war…women did their
jobs
Nursing became a job for women…and
not just men
Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross
Fall of Vicksburg
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Grant attacks
Siege – military encircling of an enemy
position and blockade of the city
Confederate forces are surrounded
Siege lasts for almost 6 weeks
Gettysburg
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3 day battle in Pennsylvania
50,000 Confederate and Union soldiers killed
Pickett’s Charge – like D-Day, 1,000 yards of
open ground, Union soldiers on higher ground
Lee feels guilty about the loss of
life…Confederates NEVER invade the North
again
Gettysburg Address
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Lincoln addresses the crowd at
Gettysburg…dedicating the cemetery
Lincoln speaks about Confederates and
Union soldiers together
10 sentence speech…remembered
today as one of the best in history
Four score and seven years
ago our fathers brought
forth, upon this continent, a
new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are
created equal.
Now we are engaged in a
great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived, and so
dedicated, can long endure.
We are met here on a great
battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a
portion of it as a final resting
place for those who here
gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is
altogether fitting and proper
that we should do this.
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But in a larger sense we can not
dedicate - we can not consecrate - we
can not hallow this ground. The brave
men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it far above
our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long
remember, what we say here, but can
never forget what they did here.
It is for us, the living, rather to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they have, thus far, so nobly
carried on. It is rather for us to be here
dedicated to the great task remaining
before us - that from these honored dead
we take increased devotion to that cause
for which they here gave the last full
measure of devotion…
- that we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain; that
this nation shall have a new birth of
freedom; and that this government of
the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the
earth.
Abraham Lincoln…Gettysburg
Address
Grant’s Plan for Total War
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Destroy the South’s ability to fight
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Destroy food, equipment and anything
else needed by the enemy
US General Sheridan
in the Shenandoah Valley
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Destroyed farms and livestock
Burned over 2,000 barns filled with grain
No food left for Lee’s soldiers…or
southern civilians
Sherman’s March to the Sea
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Ordered to march and capture from Atlanta to
the Atlantic Ocean
Atlanta is captured in September 1864
Sherman’s march to the sea begins and his
men burn a large part of Atlanta
His men rip up railroad tracks, build bonfires
from the railroad ties and twist the rails
They kill livestock and tear up fields
They burn bridges, homes and factories
Lincoln is Re-elected
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Close vote but Lincoln is reelected
Lincoln says in his inauguration,
“freedom, equality, with malice towards
none…bind up wounds…achieve a just
and lasting…”
Civil War Ends
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General Robert E. Lee surrenders at
Appomattox Court House in VA
Soldiers were required to turn over rifles,
officers were permitted to keep pistols
“each officer and man will be able to
return to their homes…”
Turning Point
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360,000 Union soldiers killed
250,000 Confederate soldiers killed
$20,000,000,000
Power of the Federal Government
increased
Possible Essays
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Causes for the Civil War
Civil War Battles
Who was more prepared – North or
South?