Transcript The Civil War - mallonee

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1858 Illinois State Race
◦ D-Stephen Douglas
◦ R-Abraham Lincoln
Douglas wins, Lincoln
gains national recognition
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3 Events give strength to the Republican Party
prior to 1860
◦ The Fugitive Slave Law
◦ Uncle Tom’s Cabin
◦ John Brown’s Raid
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The westward expansion of slavery = split in
Democratic Party
◦ Northern an Southern Democrats
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ND-Stephen Douglas
SD-John C. Breckinridge
R-Abraham Lincoln
Cont. Union Party-John Bell
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Split ruins chances for Democrats
Lincoln wins with 0 southern support
Lincoln-final straw (feared they have
lost their voice)
 South Carolina Secedes
 By February
1861 GA, FA, AL,
MISS, LA, and TX
also secede
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March 1861
Inaugural Speech
◦ Promises not to interfere with slavery where it
already is
◦ Civil War will be in the hands of the South
◦ Preserve the Union
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has 3 options
◦ Let South go in peace
◦ Offer a compromise
◦ Make South return to the union (war)
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Est. February 1861
Capitol-Montgomery, AL
Similar to the Articles of Confederation
◦ States rights
◦ Jefferson Davis powerless
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April 1861 Union Troops still at Ft. Sumter
Lincoln sends supplies to troops-Confederate
troops attack
April 12, 1861 South takes Fort
◦ Casualties?
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Lincolns calls for 75,000 troops
VA, NC, TN, and AR secede
MO, KY, MD remain—Border states
North
South
Economy
Strong
Weak
Manufacturing
(factories)
110,000
18,000
Population
71
29
Proportion of
Nation’s Farm
Acreage
65
35
Railroad Mileage
22,000
9,000
Cotton
Strong Est of
Government
Only Production
Could call for more
troops
Battle Ground
Home field
advantage
Cause
Inspiring Cause
Military Leaders
7/8 Military colleges
North
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Blockade South Ports
Capture Mississippi
River
South
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◦ Ware down the other
army
◦ Divide Confederacy
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Capture Richmond
Anaconda Plan
Major Leaders
Defensive War of
Attrition
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Defensive Strategy
Avoid large battles
Force the north to
exhaust resources
North: McLellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant,
Sherman
South: Lee, Jackson
Union Generals: Top (l-r) – McLellan, Burnside, Hooker;
Bottom (l-r) – Meade, Grant, Sherman
Confederate Generals – Robert E. Lee & Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
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When: July 21,
1861
Where: Northern
VA
Outcome: CSA
Victory
Significance
◦ Proves conflict will
be long and bloody
◦ Stonewall Jackson
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When: February 1862
Where: northern
Tennessee
Outcome: Union victory
Significance:
◦ Union controls
Cumberland River, which
flows into the Mississippi
-> Anaconda Plan
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When: April 6 & 7 1862
Where: southern Tennessee
Outcome: Union Victory
Significance
◦ Union caught by surprise -> Grant loses
Lincoln’s respect
◦ More casualties than all previous American wars
combined
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USS Monitor v. CSS Merrimack – 1st ironclad
battleships
March 8–9, 1862,
Goal of the Confederacy to break the Union
blockade, which had cut off Virginia's largest
cities, Norfolk and Richmond, from international
trade -> greatly hurt CSA’s economy
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When: Sept 17, 1862
Where: Maryland
Why: Lee invades North to gain
support from Great Britain
Outcome: Battle ends in a draw
(tactical Union victory)
◦ Bloodiest single-day of fighting in US
military history
◦ Lincoln issues Emancipation
Proclamation
◦ British decide to stay out of the
conflict
◦McClellan is fired after this battle –
replaced by Ambrose Burnside
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When: December 11–15, 1862
Where: Spotsylvania, VA
Outcome: CSA Victory
Significance:
◦ Greatest victory for South
◦ Burnside fired by Lincoln – replaced by Joseph
Hooker
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Where: Virginia (60 miles south of
Washington D.C.)
When: May 1863
Outcome:
◦ Confederate victory
◦ Stonewall Jackson killed
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South
◦ Economy collapses
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Blockade
Lack of supplies
Food shortages
Confederate $=worthless
North
◦ Booming – war industry
◦ Money called “greenbacks”
◦ Pass 1st income tax to pay for the war
North
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Lincoln is a strong leader
Suspends Writ of Habeas
Corpus to punish war
opponents
Copperheads
◦ Why do you think some
wanted peace with the CSA?
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Conscription Act (1863)
◦ First military draft in US
history
◦ All males age 20-45 had to
register – including
immigrants
◦ NYC Draft Riots (1863)
South
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Ineffective
◦ Jefferson Davis is
powerless
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States have all the
power
Women
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Most volunteered as
nurses
◦ Clara Barton was a
battlefield nurse,
later founded the
American Red Cross
African Americans
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Union Regiments
◦ Began forming after the
Emancipation
Proclamation
◦ Initially not allowed to
fight
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Runaway slaves
◦ contraband
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Primitive
Amputations
Disease
Little understanding of infection
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Fighting Techniques
◦ Stood in line
◦ Honorable
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Rifled Musket
◦ Accurate 300 yards
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Minie Ball
◦ Increased accuracy
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Casualties increased
 Revolution-> 8 years-10,000
casualties
 Civil War-> 4 years-600,000
casualties
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Photographs
Gatling Gun
Submarine
◦ CSA Hunley
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Biological Warfare
◦ Luke P. Blackburn &
yellow fever
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When: May-July 4th 1863
Where: Mississippi
Outcome: Union Victory
Significance:
◦ Battle was a siege (what does this mean?)
◦ Victory gives Union control of the Mississippi River
(Anaconda Plan
◦ Victory moves Grant to commander of the entire
Union Army
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When: July 1-3
Where: Pennsylvania
◦ Lee’s second northern invasion (what battle ended the
first?)
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Pickett’s Charge
Outcome: Union Victory
Significance: THE TURNING POINT OF THE WAR
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Union Casualties-23,000
CSA Casualties-28,000
Lee loses 1/3 of forces – CSA cannot replace lost troops
Lee can do little more than retreat
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November 19, 1863
Town of Gettysburg
Dedication of the Soldier’s National Cemetery
2 minute speech
◦ Human equality in regards to D. of Independence
◦ War is now not just to preserve the union but
fighting for “a new birth of freedom”
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When: begins Nov 1864
Where: Atlanta to Savannah
Significance:
◦ Sherman’s troops destroy everything in their path
of military value
◦ Birth of “Total War”
◦ Breaks the spirit of the Confederacy
◦ Assures Lincoln’s re-election
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Re-elected in 1864
◦ Soldiers allowed to vote
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President for only six weeks
13th Amendment
◦ Ratified Jan. 31, 1865
◦ Slavery officially illegal
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Second Inaugural Address
◦ Setting the stage for Reconstruction
 Be lenient and forgiving towards the South
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Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9th, 1865
◦ Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, VA
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April 14th, 1865: Lincoln is assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth