Transcript Chapter 14 APUSH

Chapter 14
APUSH
Mrs. Price
“I am a firm believer in the
people. If given the truth, they
can be depended upon to meet
any national crises. The great
point is to bring them the real
facts.” - Abraham Lincoln
Secession!
South Carolina: December 20, 1860
 President Buchanan: SC can’t leave but
govt has no authority to stop them
 6 more leave from December to April: MS,
FL, AL, GA, LA, TX
 Feb 1861: Confederate States of America
formed
 Crittenden Compromise: last ditch effort to
keep states in union
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Pres. Lincoln: Union is older than
Constitution, no state can leave union
 Fort Sumter seized (April 12-13, 1861)
 4 more leave (VA, AR, TN, NC)
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Fort Sumter, SC
Anderson (N) vs.
Beauregard (S)
 Only casualty: a horse
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Strengths & Weaknesses of the
Union vs. the Confederacy
Union: More People
Union: Better Transportation
System
66% of railroad
track miles
 Lines more
integrated
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Union: More Industrial Capacity
Other Union Advantages
More farms
- 67%
 Better navy
 More wealth produced
- 75%
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Union Disadvantages
Fighting on unfamiliar land
 Long lines of communication
 Hostile local populations
 Public opinion divided
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Confederate Advantages
Strong local support
 Familiar with territory
 Strong trade relationship with England &
France
 Good generals
 Trained soldiers
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Confederate Disadvantages
Few people
- 39%
 Little industry
- 19% of factories
- had to rely on imports
 Poor Transportation System
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Wartime Politics: The Union
Lincoln enlarged power of president
 Suppressed opposition
- Military arrests of civilians
- Suspended right of habeas corpus
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Wartime Politics: The Confederacy
Jefferson Davis
was a weaker
leader
 Too focused on
details
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Financing the War
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Union: taxes (including income), issued
paper currency, borrowing
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Confederacy: issued paper currency =
high inflation, income tax, money from
states
Inflation in the South
Soldiers: The Union
Over 2 million
 At 1st volunteers
 1863: conscription
law (46,000 drafted)
 Exemptions caused
oppositions & riots
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NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
Soldiers: The Confederacy
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900,000
1st volunteers
April 1862:
Conscription Act –
many exemptions
Also used slave
labor
Faced manpower
shortage in 1864
Women & the Civil War
Filled positions vacated by men
 Critical in nursing (US Sanitary
Commission)
 Challenged gender stereotypes in North &
especially in South

African Americans in the Civil War
Enlisted in Union Army; 10% by end of
war
 Paid less
 Most assigned menial tasks
 Some black fighting units (54th
Massachusetts Infantry)
 South refused to recognize black Union
soldiers – captured they were sent back to
slavery or executed
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Massacre at Fort Pillow, TN
April 12, 1864
 After Union troops
surrendered,
Confederates killed
over 200 black Union
soldiers and some
whites
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Slavery & the War
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Divided Republican Party
- Radicals: Thaddeus Stevens, Charles
Summer, Benjamin Wade; wanted to use
war to abolish slavery immediately
- Conservatives: favored a slower, more
gradual process of emancipation
Slavery & the War
1861 Confiscation Act: declared all slaves
used in support of the military effort
would be considered free
 1862: Slavery is abolished in DC &
western territories
 Sept 1862: Lincoln announces his
intention to issue Emancipation
Proclamation in Jan 1863
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Emancipation Proclamation
Jan 1, 1863
 Declares “forever free” slaves in areas in
rebellion
 Didn’t apply to border states
 Now war was being fought over slavery,
not just to preserve the union
 Prevented England from aiding
Confederacy
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New Technologies
Repeating weapons
(rifle, machine gun)
 Minie ball: new bullet
 Changed how soldiers
fought (trench
warfare)
 Ironclad ships – end
to wooden navies
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Strategy: The Union
The Anaconda Plan
 3 Parts:
1. Blockade Southern ports
2. Capture the Mississippi to split
Confederacy in two
3. Capture Confederate capital
(Richmond, VA)
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Strategy: The Confederacy
Mostly defensive
 Invade the Union if possible
 Try to get the Border states to secede
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Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Major Battles of
the
Civil War
st
1
Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
July 21, 1861
 McDowell(N) vs. Beauregard/Johnston(S)
 Union retreat
 Had psychological & political impact
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Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
Wilson’s Creek
August 10, 1861
 Secessionist forces in MO vs. Union
 Union loss but seriously weakened
confederate cause in MO and allowed the
Union to hold onto the state
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Shiloh
April 6 - 7, 1862 in TN
 Grant (N) vs. Johnston (S)
 Union: 1,754 killed; 8,408 wounded;
2,885 captured
 Confederates: 1,723 killed; 8,012
wounded; 959 missing
 Union Victory
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New Orleans
April 26, 1862
 Union captures city
 David Farragut
 Closed mouth of Mississippi River to
Confederate trade = now South could not
support its troops in west
 City was largest & a banking center
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nd
2
Battle of Bull Run
August 29, 1862
 Pope (N) vs. Lee & Jackson (S)
 Confederate win
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Antietam
September 17,
1862
 McClellan (N) vs.
Lee (S)
 Copy of Lee’s
orders found by
Union
 Single bloodiest
day of the war
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Chancellorsville
May 1-5, 1863
 Hooker (N) vs. Lee/Jackson (S)
 Union retreat
 Stonewall Jackson killed
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Siege of Vicksburg
May 22 – July 4, 1863
 Surrendered to Grant (N)
 Key region for control of Mississippi River
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Gettysburg
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July 1-3, 1863
Began when a Confederate Infantry Brigade
marching eastward in search of shoes clashed
with 2 Union cavalry brigades
Meade (N) vs. Lee (S)
Union win
Heavy casualties
Stopped Confederate invasion of North
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Gettysburg Casualties
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sept 1864: captured and burned Atlanta
 Marched through GA to Savannah
 60,000 men cut a 60 mile wide path –
destroyed everything
 Turned North and went through SC & NC
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Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
Election of 1864
Republicans & War Democrats = formed
Union Party
 Union: Lincoln & Andrew Johnson
 Democrat: George McClellan
 Union victories turned tide of election
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Union Troops Capture Richmond
Appomattox Court House: April 9,
1865
Atrocities of the War: POW Camps
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Most notorious: Andersonville in GA
Planned to hold 10,000 men
Had over 32,000 at one time
Out of 45,000 that passed through almost
13,000 died
Commander of prison Captain Henry Wirz was
only person convicted of war crimes; sentenced
to death after war
Union POW camps were no better
Union Prison Camp
at Andersonville, GA
Union “Survivors”
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
The Civil War in Missouri
Time line of Major MO Events
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May 10, 1861: St. Louis Massacre
May 11, 1861: Creation of Missouri State
Guard (pro-Confederate)
 June 17, 1861: Battle of Boonville
 July 30, 1861: Governor Jackson removed
and Hamilton Gamble put in power
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August 10, 1861: Battle of Wilson’s Creek
 October 25, 1861: 1st Battle of Springfield
 November 7, 1861: Battle of Belmont
 Feb 28 – April 8, 1862: Battle of New
Madrid
 Jan 8, 1863: 2nd Battle of Springfield
 April 26, 1863: Battle of Cape Girardeau
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Sept 27, 1864: Battle of Pilot Knob
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Oct 23, 1864: Battle of Westport
Quantrill’s Raiders
Interesting MO Civil War Facts
In 1860 there were 114,930 slaves in MO
(9.75 %)
 Missouri sent more men to war per capita
than any other state. Total number of MO
soldiers: 199,111.
 About 27,000 Missourians were killed
during the war (military & civilian)
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Missouri had two state governments for a
short period of time – one pro-Union &
one pro-Confederate.
 Confederate States of America Congress
admitted MO to membership in Nov 1861.
 During the war Jefferson Barracks had one
of the largest Union hospitals in the US
with over 3,000 beds
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MO had so many battles & skirmishes that
it ranks as the 3rd most fought over state
in the nation.
 MO abolished slavery in 1865 before the
13th amendment was ratified.
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