Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
Ms. Adams
Timeline of Civil War
• http://memory.lo
c.gov/ammem/cw
phtml/tl1861.html
• http://www.mce.k
12tn.net/civil_wa
r/timeline_of_th
e_american_civil_
w.htm
What you have to know for the
test…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
Union Blockade of Georgia’s coast
Chickamauga
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
Sherman’s March to Sea
Andersonville
Worst Civil War Battles
Antietam was the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil
War. But there were other battles, lasting more than
one day, in which more men fell.
Antietam
• On September 17, 1862, at
Antietam Creek, Maryland
• The single bloodiest day of
the Civil War – and also in all
of American history.
• Over 23,000 Union and
Confederate soldiers (nine
times the number who fell
on the beaches of
Normandy) were killed or
wounded.
• Neither side emerged as
the decisive victor but
Union claimed it because
the Confederates
retreated.
Results of Antietam
1. Emancipation Proclamation: Following the slight
defeat, President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation
Proclamation told the nation that if the south
stopped fighting they could keep the slaves. It
promised that if they did not stop fighting, the
Union would win and the slaves would be freed.
2. Other countries decide not to get involved.
Seeing how close the battle was – neither France
nor England decided to get involved – avoiding a
conflict of untold proportions.
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln issued the proclamation Jan. 1, 1863. It was a
technical document, granting freedom to all slaves in
all areas of the Confederacy still in rebellion. The
proclamation did not pertain to slaves in the border
states, but it did allow for the popular use of
African-Americans in the Union Army and Navy. The
proclamation also made the war a crusade against
slavery, meaning that England and France, both
morally opposed to slavery, could not in good
conscience ally themselves with the Confederacy.
• http://bensguide.gpo.gov/35/documents/proclamation/index.html
Gettysburg
• July 1-3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• Bloodiest battle of the Civil War
• The battle was fought in the summer of 1863 when
Union and Confederate forces met accidentally at
Gettysburg, a town in southern Pennsylvania. From
July 1 to 3, Union General George Meade (1815–1872)
led about 90,000 troops to defeat 75,000 advancing
Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee
(1807–1870). The Union victory effectively stopped
Lee's invasion of the North.
• http://americancivilwar.com/kids_zone/gettysburg_b
attle.html
Results of Gettysburg
• The Battle of Gettysburg marked a
turning point in the American Civil
War. This Confederate defeat would
signify that they would soon lose the
war. Confederate forces retreat to
the south.
• On November 19, 1863, U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) made his
historical address at Gettysburg,
during the dedication of part of the
battlefield as a national cemetery.
Lincoln began with the now-famous
words "Four score and...
• Lincoln fires Meade for not keeping
the Confederates out in the first
place.
Union Blockade Of Georgia’s
Coast
Inflation in the South
Fort Pulaski
• http://www.cherokeerose.com/
Union Ironclads
Blockade Runners
Chickamauga
• September 18 – 20, 1863
• Second most deadly battle of the Civil War
• Following the defeat at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to
the north and Vicksburg, Mississippi to the west, the
Confederacy was forced to retreat to the south. The
Union followed eventually taking the city of
Chattanooga. Chattanooga was a major railroad
center for the Confederacy.
• The Union General William S. Rosencrans decided to
chase the defeated Confederate troops down into
Georgia.
• On Sept. 19-20, Union General Rosecrans led his
troops against Confederate General Bragg seven miles
south of Chattanooga at Chickamauga Creek. Bragg’s
army defeated the Union forces and forced the
Union Army back into Tennessee.
Result of Chickamauga
• It was a
Confederate victory
• It gave the
Confederacy a brief
morale boost – but a
false one.
• It also gave the
Union a chance to
regroup, add
reinforcements and
strategies.
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
• The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles
fought in northwest Georgia and the area
around Atlanta during the summer of 1864,
leading to the eventual fall of Atlanta.
• General William Tecumseh Sherman left
Chattanooga with 112,000 men and began a
campaign towards Atlanta. He faced General
Joseph E. Johnston, who replaced Bragg.
Johnson only had 60,000 troops to hold
Sherman back.
http://americancivilwar.com
• Click on State Battle Maps
• Click on Georgia
Sherman’s Bowties
• During Sherman's destruction
of Atlanta, many rail lines
were wrapped about trees in
order to render the rail lines
useless to the confederacy.
To accomplish this, the rails
were ripped up, placed on a
great bonfire, heated until
they were red hot, and then
wrapped around a tree. It
was the appearance of these
rails wrapped around a tree
that gave birth to the term
"Sherman's Bowties."
Results of the Atlanta Campaign
• Atlanta was an important rail
and commercial center of the
Confederacy though the
population was relatively small.
• Sherman’s victory greatly
increased the Union’s moral.
• This was a VERY important
factor in the re-election of
President Abraham Lincoln.
• The fall of Atlanta eventually
led to the surrender of the
Confederacy.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
•
•
•
•
Sherman's March to Sea was
the Civil War’s most
destructive campaign against
a civilian population.
It began in Atlanta on
November 15, 1864 and
concluded in Savannah on
December 21.
Sherman completely
abandoned his supplies,
telling his men to live off the
earth to prove to the
Confederates that their
government could not
protect them people from
invaders.
It was psychological warfare
and so devastating that
parts of the South did not
recover until the New Deal in
the 1930s.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman stayed in
Atlanta for several
weeks following its fall
on Sept. 2, 1864.
• During this time he
studied the most
current census records
to determine which
portion of Georgia
would provide the most
supplies and food for
his men.
• Sherman divided his
men into 2 wings and
drove south.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman’s men carried no food – they were
told to move fast and live off the land.
• The wings stayed 20 – 40 miles apart, and
despite being told not to do so by Sherman,
often vandalized homes and stole valuables.
• They were met with some resistance at Macon
and Augusta – but not enough to slow them
considerably.
• Confederate Lieutenant Hardee told his men
to abandon Savannah and retreat to South
Carolina so that the city would not be torn
apart at Atlanta had been.
Surrender of Savannah
• Savannah was
surrendered by the
mayor on Dec. 21,
1864.
• Sherman telegraphed
Lincoln the next day
offering Savannah and
25,000 bales of
cotton to the
president for
Christmas.
Results of Sherman’s March to
the Sea
• Sherman’s men destroyed all sources of food
and forage.
• They destroyed everything – especially places
where they met resistance.
• He left Georgians starving, demoralized, with
the belief that the Confederacy – that they
had once believed could protect them, was
weakened and destroyed.
• This broke the Confederacy’s will to fight.
Andersonville Prison
(American Auschwitz)
•
About 10 miles from Americus, Georgia, you will find the site of one of
the great tragedies of the Civil War. Today it is a National Historic
Park Service. During the war, it was the home of the Andersonville
Prison, a name that came to be associated with horror and death.
• On February 24, 1864 in Americus, Georgia the
Andersonville Prison was opened. The construction of
the prison began in December of 1863. Six-hundred
prisoners from Richmond, Virginia arrived on
February 24, 1864. the prisoners were originally only
to be held until they could be exchanged for other
prisoners. The camp became over populated very
quickly and disease and death spread through out the
prison. Andersonville got overcrowded very quickly
and they kept bring prisoners at Andersonville 12,912
died during the fourteen months of operation.
Prisoners died at a rate of 100 people per day. The
Confederate Government was unable to provide
housing, food, shelter, clothing, and medical care for
all the prisoners. the prison was only made to hold
about 10,000 prisoners but it got very crowded and
ended up with as many as 45,613 prisoners.
• After the prison site was selected,
Captain Richard B. Winder was sent to
Andersonville to construct a prison.
Arriving in late December of 1863,
Captain Winder designed the prison
that encircle roughly 16.5 acres which
he felt was large enough to hold
10,000 prisoners. The prison was to be
rectangular in shape with a small creek
flowing roughly through the center of
the compound. The prison was given
the name Camp Sumter. It was
intended as a place where prisoners
could be watched by a few amount of
soldiers at a time.
• Over 45,000 Union soldiers went to
Andersonville during the 14 months
that it was in existence. Of these,
12,912 died from disease,
overcrowding, or exposure. They were
buried shoulder to shoulder in
trenches near the prison.