Transcript Reconstruction - Haiku Learning

Mr. Owen
ICCS middle school
7th grade American history
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Vocabulary
◦ Reconstruction – period from 1865 to 1877when
the US tried to rebuild following the Civil War
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Politics
◦ Amnesty – official pardon or
forgiveness for a wrongdoing
◦ Impeachment – CHARGING a government official
with wrongdoing while in office
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People
◦ Andrew Johnson – Democrat who became president
after Lincoln was killed
◦ Radical Republican – Congressmen who favored
using federal powers during Reconstruction
Lincoln (1860-1865)
Johnson (1865-1869)
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From Illinois; called Honest
Abe
Worked as a lawyer before
politics
Elected in 1860 because
Democrats split their vote;
this caused the South to
leave the Union
President during the Civil
War; freed Southern slaves
Killed by assassin that
sympathized with the South
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Born in North Carolina but
spent much of his life in
Tennessee
Served in both Houses of
Tennessee legislature and was
governor
Elected to be Lincoln’s VP and
took over after his
assassination
Tried to continue Lincoln’s
Reconstruction plans
Impeached by Radical
Republicans that disagreed
with him but found not guilty
After his presidency he
returned to Tennessee politics
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Who: led by Abraham Lincoln and then Andrew
Johnson versus Radical Republicans
What: the period after the Civil War
When: 1865-1877
Where: rebuilding the South; reuniting the whole
nation
Why: following the war, the South was
devastated; new black citizens had to find their
place
How: two different plans for accomplishing this
emerged and many new laws were passed
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Lincoln & Johnson
Wanted to be easier on
confederates
Hoped to make healing
process quick (10% plan)
Offered amnesty to
confederates on
condition of swearing
loyalty
Wasn’t as concerned with
helping slaves
Only lasted a year
Presidential Plan
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Led by Radical
Republicans in Congress
(Wade-Davis Bill)
Wanted harsher
punishment for
confederates (no
amnesty) (50%)
Forced South to allow
blacks to vote
Lasted rest of
Reconstruction
Congressional Plan /
Radical Reconstruction
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During Radical Reconstruction, the South was
divided up and Johnson appointed state
governors to ensure laws were followed and
blacks protected.
This did not
always work
very well. It
also made
many
Southerners
mad.
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Who: Pres. Johnson vs. Congress & Edwin
Stanton
What: Congress accused Johnson of
improperly firing Stanton
When: 1868
Where: Washington DC
How: Stanton was the war Secretary and
Johnson fired him over a disagreement about
Reconstruction; violated Tenure of Office Act
Why: 1st time a pres. had been impeached;
found not guilty by a single vote
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Edwin
Stanton
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Richard Nixon
(not impeached)
Bill
Clinton
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How did Andrew Johnson treat the South
during Reconstruction?
What were some pros and cons of both plans
for Reconstruction?
Do you think Johnson’s impeachment was
justified? Why or Why not?
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Reconstruction amendments
◦ 13th – officially ended slavery
◦ 14th - equal protection for everyone BORN in the US
and are citizens (including slaves)
◦ 15th – allowed all MALES to vote, no matter “race, creed
or color”
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Black codes – laws made in the south to limit
freedom of former slaves
Jim Crow laws – other laws limiting blacks ability
to vote in the South
Civil Rights acts of 1866 & 1875 – helped protect
blacks rights
Good
Bad
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Three amendments to the Constitution were
passed during Reconstruction
◦ The 13th amendment formally ended slavery in all
states in the US
◦ The 14th amendment protected every citizen under
the same laws (no difference between black &
white)
◦ The 15th amendment stated that all MALES would
be able to vote
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Some laws passed in the South were aimed at
limiting African-Americans’ new rights
◦ Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws
 These laws included things like
 Literacy test to prove you could read
 Poll taxes were money you had to pay to vote
 Both of these rules kept poor, uneducated whites from
voting as well as blacks
 Finally, the grand-father clause allowed these whites
to vote but still kept blacks from voting
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Civil Rights Acts of 1866 was passed before
the 14th amendment to help guarantee
African-Americans’ rights
Civil Rights Acts of 1875 was aimed at ending
discrimination in the South
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Short essay about laws passed during
Reconstruction.
◦ Good laws – why were they good? What did they do?
◦ Bad laws – why were they bad?
◦ Were any in between good and bad?
◦ Should have an intro paragraph, 2 body paragraphs
and a closing
 A paragraph has more than 1 sentence
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Scalawags – Southern who supported
Radical Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who
came to the South to help rebuild
Ku Klux Klan – group of whites that
used violence and fear to try to keep
blacks powerless
Lynch – to kill a person by hanging
often without a trial
Sharecropping – system of farming in which farmers
rent land from owners in exchange for part of harvest
Freedmen’s Bureau – federal agency set up to
help newly freed slaves
Freedman’s schools – schools set up to help educate
blacks
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Who: Ku Klux Klan & democrats vs. blacks and
republicans
What: violent racism aimed at restoring the
South’s glory
When: late 1860s through 1870s
Where: the South
Why: whites were angry at losing the war and
blacks having equal rights that they disagreed
with
How: fear & intimidation; lynching blacks &
whites, mobs, burning crosses; keeping them
from voting
•Civil rights are right granted to all citizens
•These are what African Americans gained because of the
Reconstruction Amendments
•African-American leaders did not always agree though on how to go about
ensuring these rights
Booker T Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
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Teacher
Stressed importance of
education and hard work
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◦ Thought these 2 things
would allow blacks to make
a place for themselves
◦ Thought blacks could
assimilate or join into
white culture
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Founded Tuskegee
Institute
◦ Academic and job training
Washington
Writer and activist
Fought for immediate
civil rights guaranteed
by the government
◦ Thought blacks needed
equal footing before
moving forward
◦ Called for blacks to
challenge whites
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Co-founder and head
of NAACP
Du Bois
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Founded in Memphis in 1862 as a
school for freed blacks and to
educate future African-American
teachers
Ulysses Grant (18681876)
Rutherford Hayes (18761880)
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Attended West Point Military Academy
but was only an average student
Commander of Union forces in the west
during the Civil War
◦ Fought and won the Battles of Shiloh
and Vicksburg; Eventually forces Lee
to surrender in VA
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Elected president in 1868
◦ Presidency marked by corruption in his
administration because he appointed
dishonest friends to his cabinet
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Lawyer from Ohio and served in Union army
Compromise candidate elected
to appease southern Democrats
◦ Won by 1 electoral vote
◦ His election marked the end of
Reconstruction
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Worked to clean up political offices
after Grant’s scandal
First president to have a phone
installed in the White House
◦ Phone number was ‘1’
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Who: Presidents Ulysses S Grant (former Union
commander) & Rutherford Hayes
What: formal end to many Reconstruction
programs
When: 1877 (after Hayes’ election)
Where: The US
Why: people lost faith in Grant due to scandal & a
bad economy
How: the Compromise of 1877 decided the
election for Hayes, a republican, in exchange for
removing troops and governors from the South,
funds for construction in the South and
democrats promised to respect blacks rights
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reunited the Union
rebuilt war-torn South
13th Amendment Ends
Slavery
14th Amendment Rights
of Citizens to have
“equal protection”
15th Amendment Right
to Vote
For a short period of
time, African Americans
are elected to national
and state govenrment
Reconstruction
Successes
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Southern states in debt
Most black southerners
still remain in a cycle of
poverty
Black Codes/Jim Crow
laws limit African
Americans civil rights
(Plessy v. Ferguson)
African American are
disenfranchised (denied
right to vote)
Northern voters had
never supported Radical
Republicans ideals of
total equality
Women were left out of
civil rights gains
Reconstruction Failures
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Andrew Johnson was from Tennessee
Tennessee was the first Southern state to
pass the 14th amendment and was the first
state readmitted to the Union
◦ Because of this, it did not have a military governor
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The Ku Klux Klan was founded in Pulaski, TN
◦ Nathan Bedford Forest was an early leader and from
Tennessee.
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How did the KKK benefit the Democratic
Party?
What did Radical Republicans give up in the
Compromise of 1877? What did Democrats
give up?
How did Booker T Washington’s and WEB Du
Bois ideas for civil rights differ?
Review day: Monday 8/25
Test day:
Tuesday 8/26