Transcript Goal_3_PPt_Civil_War_Causes

Goal 3
The Civil War and Reconstruction
Part 1: The Causes
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858
Compromise of
1850
Harriet Beecher
Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Underground Railroad
John Brown raids
Harper’s Ferry
1859
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854
Bleeding Kansas
1854
Brooks
Beats
Sumner
1854
Lincoln
Elected
1860
Dred Scott v Sanford
1857
Fort Sumter Attacked
1861
Compromise of 1850
Created by Henry Clay to solve the controversy between free
states and slave states
The terms of the Compromise of 1850:
1. California admitted to the Union as a free state (Favored
the North)
2. Strict fugitive slave law (Favored the South)
3. Popular sovereignty would be followed in the territories
gained from the Mexican Cession allowing residents of
the new territories to vote for or against slavery). This
would determine the status of states in the future.
(Favored the North by effectively replacing the Missouri
Compromise).
4.Slave trade, not slavery, would be abolished
in DC. (Favored South)
Texas relinquished claims on New Mexico in
return for $10 million dollars used to settle
their debts.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• In 1852, abolitionist Harriet
Beecher Stowe published
the world-wide best seller,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• The book created major
sectional friction
• The South criticized the book
as an attack on the Southern
way of life
• The North increased its
protests against the Fugitive
Slave Act
• When Lincoln met
Stowe during the Civil
War, he said, “So this
is the little lady who
made the big war.”
Underground Railroad
• In reaction to the
Fugitive Slave Act, the
Underground
Railroad was
established.
• It was a network to
aid fugitives slaves to
freedom from the
South to the North.
• The most famous
“conductor” was
Harriet Tubman.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Stephen Douglas pushed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
through Congress which called for popular
sovereignty in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
• People from Missouri (slave state) moved to Kansas to
vote illegally.
• A proslavery government was established in
Lecompton, Kansas.
• An anti-slavery government was established in
Lawrence, Kansas.
• In the months to come, Kansas was plagued with an
outbreak of violence between the two opposing sides.
Bleeding Kansas
• The rift in Kansas led to
violence and murders.
• Abolitionist John Brown
led the “Pottawatomie
Massacre” by kidnapping
five proslavery men &
killing them.
• Over 200 people were
killed.
• A civil war broke out in
Kansas.
Brooks beats Sumner
• Massachusetts Senator Charles
Sumner was verbally attacking
supporters of slavery, especially
Andre P. Butler of South
Carolina.
• Butler’s nephew (Preston
Brooks) entered the Senate floor
and attacked Sumner with his
cane.
• Sumner suffers shock and brain
damage.
• Southerners applauded Brooks!
They actually mail canes to him
saying “Hit him again!”.
• Northerners saw this as another
example of Southern brutality.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Dred Scott was a slave from
Missouri (slave state) who lived
with his owner for four years in
free territory.
• When they returned to Missouri,
his owner died.
• Scott sued for his freedom,
stating that he should be free
since he had lived in free territory.
• Supreme Court Justice Roger B.
Taney (appointed by Jackson)
ruled that slaves did not have the
rights of citizens and could not
• He also ruled the
even sue.
Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional
Lincoln-Douglas
Debates
• The 1858 Illinois Senate race produced an
important debate on the issue of the extension of
slavery in the territories .
•Douglas: did not believe slavery was immoral;
believed popular sovereignty would kill slavery in
time (Freeport Doctrine)
•Lincoln: believed slavery was immoral; believed
legislation was required to end slavery; slavery
should not be allowed to spread.
•Key to Lincoln: “I am not, nor ever have been, in
favor of bringing about in any way the social and
political equality of the white and black races.”
•Douglas won the Senate seat, but Lincoln and
his beliefs were introduced to the nation.
Raid on Harpers Ferry
•On October 16, 1859,
abolitionist John Brown
led a band of 21 men,
black and white, to seize
the federal arsenal in
Harpers Ferry, VA.
•His goal was to arm the
men and start a general
slave insurrection.
•Plan failed and Brown
was captured and hanged.
Lincoln Elected (1860)
• No Southern states voted for
Lincoln.
• South Carolina was the first
state to secede.
• The Southern states formed
The Confederate States of
America (Confederacy) in
1861.
• Jefferson Davis was elected
President of the Confederacy.
Question: Do states have the
right to secede from the
Union?
Fort Sumter Attacked (1861)
• The first shots of the Civil War were fired at
Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
• Confederates took over federal installations in
their states.
• Lincoln
considers
this an act
of rebellion
and
treason.