Transcript Slide 1

Class Notes 17.2a (NB p. 21)
1. disunity in the South – skip two lines
2. Copperheads – skip one line
3. Lincoln’s response to Copperheads – skip two lines
4. Confederacy’s conscription policy – skip two lines
5. Union’s conscription policy – skip two lines
6. bounty – skip one line
7. New York draft riots – skip one line
8. food shortages – skip one line
9. inflation – skip one line
10. impact of the war on the Union economy – skip two lines
11. examples of slave resistance –skip two lines
12. effects of the Emancipation Proclamation –
Lesson 17.2a – The War at Home
Today we will explain how the
Civil War affected civilians.
Vocabulary
• Copperhead – Northerner who wanted peace with
the Confederacy instead of victory in the war
• civilian – anyone who is not in the military
• conscription – forced service in the military
• bounty – cash bonus paid for enlisting
• inflation – increase in prices due to a decrease in
the value of money
• income tax – a tax on earnings
• greenback – paper money printed by the Union
during the Civil War
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What is a civilian?
• What happens to prices during a period
of inflation?
What is an income tax?
An income tax is a tax on earnings, first
adopted during the Civil War.
What was a greenback?
• A greenback was a form of paper currency issued
by the federal government during the Civil War.
What We Already Know
Public opinion
remained
divided in the
North, where
many people
disapproved of
Lincoln and
the war.
What We Already Know
The Northern
economy was
much more
industrialized
than the
Confederacy’s
economy.
What We Already Know
Most of the fighting of the Civil War,
and the worst of the destruction,
would occur on Southern soil.
Disagreements About the War
By 1863, many
Southerners were
growing weary of the
war and its constant
sacrifices.
Disagreements About the War
Food riots had
broken out in several
Southern cities,
including Richmond,
the capital city.
Disagreements About the War
Southern soldiers
deserted the army
in large numbers.
By 1863, the
Confederate army
had shrunk by
almost 40% due to
casualties and
desertion.
Disagreements About the War
Southerners like
Jefferson Davis
believed the
Constitution upheld
the individual
sovereignty and
independence of
states over that of
any central
government.
Disagreements About the War
• The Confederate
states often fell
into disagreement.
• The same
principle of
states’ rights
that led them to
break with the
Union kept them
from coordinating their war
effort.
Disagreements About the War
• Disagreements
over the
conduct of the
war also arose
in the North.
• Lincoln’s main
opponents were
the Copperheads, Northern
Democrats who
favored peace
with the South.
Disagreements About the War
President
Lincoln had
protesters
arrested and
suspended the
writ of habeas
corpus, which
prevents the
government from
holding citizens
without a trial.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
7. What did Southerners like Jefferson
Davis believe the Constitution said about
the rights of states?
A. The constitution upheld the individual
sovereignty and independence of states.
B. States can secede from the Union, but only
with Congressional approval.
C. The rights of states are based on the
Constitution.
D. Under the Constitution, states may not
secede from the Union under any
circumstances.
8. How did the South’s principle of
states’ rights undermine the
Confederate war effort?
A. The South had few mines to provide natural
resources that the Confederate war effort
required.
B. Each state worked in its own interest,
preventing the coordination of efforts.
C. Each state decided for itself how much of its
mining wealth should be contributed to the
government.
D. Several states seceded from the Confederacy
itself.
What is a Copperhead?
Choose all that are true!
What is a Copperhead?
A. Political opponent of Abraham Lincoln
B. Southerner who favored peace with the
North instead of victory in the war.
C. Political opponent of Jefferson Davis
D. Northerner who favored peace with the
South instead of victory in the war.
E. Person who helped runaway slaves
escape through to the Union lines
Choose all that are true!
9. How did President Lincoln deal
with Copperheads and war protests?
A. He had many war protestors arrested.
B. He tried to win them over to his viewpoint
by using logic and persuasion.
C. He suspended habeas corpus, which
prevents the government from holding
citizens without a trial.
D. He exiled Copperheads and their families to
the Confederacy.
E. He ordered the execution of several leading
Copperheads.
The Draft Laws
As the war dragged on and more soldiers were
needed, the government passed conscription
laws that required men to serve in the military.
The Draft Laws
Both sides
allowed wealthy
men to hire
substitutes to
serve in their
place.
The Draft Laws
• Confederate conscription laws required all
men between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few
exceptions.
• But planters who owned 20 or more slaves
could avoid service in the Confederate army.
• Poor Southerners complained that it was a
“rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight.”
The Draft Laws
The Union government could afford to offer
bounties to men who volunteered to serve,
and fewer men needed to be drafted.
The Draft Laws
• Even so, the draft
was extremely
unpopular.
• New York City
suffered four days
of riots, during
which rioters
destroyed property,
attacked people on
the streets, and
killed many African
Americans.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
What is
conscription?
Conscription is
a law that
required men to
serve in the
military.
What is a bounty?
A bounty is a cash payment given by a
government to volunteers who enlisted.
10. How did the draft laws in the
North and South differ?
A. Only the North required all men between 18
and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions.
B. Only the Confederacy allowed draftees to
hire substitutes to serve in their place.
C. The North offered volunteers a bounty of
$300, which led to more volunteers.
D. The Union allowed very wealthy farmers to
be exempt from military service.
Economic Effects of the War
• Food shortages were very common in the
South, because so many farmers were
away fighting in the army.
• Another reason for the shortages was that
farmers insisted on planting cash crops
like cotton instead of food crops.
Economic Effects of the War
• Southern civilians
rioted over food
shortages in several
Confederate cities,
including Richmond,
the capital and broke
into shops and stole
food and other goods.
• Inflation made life
harder for working
people, with prices
rising 9,000 percent.
Economic Effects of the War
• Overall, war production boosted industry and
fueled the Northern economy.
• In the long term, manufacturing would begin to
replace farming as the basis of the national
economy.
Economic Effects of the War
Early in the war, the
Union established
the first income tax
and began issuing a
new paper currency,
known as
greenbacks.
Economic Effects of the War
The income tax helped the
Union to pay for the war.
Economic Effects of the War
The new currency helped the Northern
economy by ensuring that people had
money to spend.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
Why did the South experience
food shortages?
A. Too many farmers were away fighting in
the army.
B. Food was being sent to the front to feed
the army.
C. Farmers insisted on planting cash crops
like cotton instead of food crops.
D. Slaves that could have produced food
were drafted into the Confederate army.
Choose all that are true!
11. How did the war affect the
economy in the South and the North?
A. Slave resistance hurt the Southern
economy.
B. Food shortages caused by the war were
common in the South.
C. Inflation was much higher in the North than
it was in the South.
D. War production boosted Southern industry.
E. Several Southern cities experienced food
shortages, even riots.
Choose all that are true!
Resistance by Slaves
With so many
Southern men off
to war, slaves
often resisted by
slowing their
pace of work or
stopping
altogether.
Resistance by Slaves
Acts of sabotage against crops and farm
equipment were very common.
Resistance by Slaves
A few slaves even rose up in rebellion
against their overseers.
Resistance by Slaves
More commonly, though, slaves ran away
from plantations to join the Union forces as
they pushed farther into Confederate territory.
Resistance by Slaves
After Lincoln
issued the
Emancipation
Proclamation,
even more slaves
ran away from
plantations, with
as many as half a
million having
fled to Union
lines by the end
of the war.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
Why did slave resistance grow
as the war progressed?
A. Slaves sometimes found soldiers’ discarded
weapons to use.
B. More Southern men were away fighting, and
their wives couldn’t control the slaves.
C. As Union troops drew nearer, slaves grew bold
enough to resist.
D. Confederate soldiers were removed from
patrolling the plantations and sent to the front.
E. As food supplies dwindled, hungry slaves were
less willing to submit to their masters.
Choose all that are true!
What was the least common
form of slave resistance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Slowing down or stopping work
Breaking tools and farm equipment
Destroying crops
Rising up against their masters
Running away to the Union army