Transcript The South Secedes

The South Secedes
What was the Spark that led to the Civil War and
How did the dominos fall in the war?
Notice Missouri: Slave sate that did not secede.
Governor Jackson wanted to but did not have enough
support. For a time Missouri had 2 governments-one
pro-union and one pro-confederacy
The South Secedes
Causes of Secession:
• The Election of
Lincoln
– Republican
Dominated House,
Senate, and Executive
caused fear
– Southern states feared
Abolition of Slavery.
– Lincoln did not carry a
“true” southern state
The South Secedes
Secession:
• South Carolina – Nov 1860
– SC Declaration of Independence
• People had the right to abolish an abusive Government
• Gov. had failed to protect property rights of Individuals
• Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas
all follow by Feb 1, 1861
• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas all pledge
Secession if force is used to unify the Union
• Secession sentiment is not Universal – 30-40% disagree
The South Secedes
Northern Opinion:
• Mixed
– Union should be kept together
at all costs
– Allow the south to leave
– Union was better off without
the Southerners
– Lincoln: what would happen to
Unity of the US if South allowed
to Secede? – Could more
secede?
• Lincoln:
– NO State cannot secede
without the consent of the
other states
The South Secedes
The Spark
• The Fall of Fort Sumter
– South secedes and seizes all
Federal arsenals and Forts in
the South
– March 1861 – One fort remains
– Fort Sumter in SC
– The Siege
– Robert Anderson –
Commander Calls for Help
– Lincoln’s Plan
• Resupply
The Confederates Fire on the
Ships
The South Secedes
The Spark
• April 12, 1861
– Confederates Order
Evacuation of the Fort
– Refused
– Artillery bombardment for
1 day
– Federal Troops Surrender
• Federal presence is
completely removed from
the South!
• The Civil War has begun!
The South Secedes
The Nation Rushes To War
• Lincoln calls for 75,000 man army to put down the
Rebellion
• South Mobilizes all state militias
– Calls on Military Commanders
– Robert E. Lee
• Rush causes Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and
Virginia to join Confederacy
• The Border States: Slaveholding states who remain in
the union and form a border with the Confederacy
The South Secedes
The Border States:
• MO, KY, MD, DE
• Each had Strategic or
Resource Importance
• Missouri - Conflict
– Maryland - Martial Law
Declared
• Delaware - Captured
• Kentucky
– “I hope to have God on my
Side, but I must have
Kentucky.”
-Abraham Lincoln
The South Secedes
• By 1861 the north and South have reached the point of
no return in this conflict.
• The war will be the bloodiest on US Soil ever with
hundreds of thousands of casualties in just 4 years
• New Technology and old world tactics will combine to
create one of the most interesting wars in US history…
Battles known by Every American will pit tens of
thousands of men at each others throat
• Who will win? North or South? Free or slave? Federal
Power or States Rights?