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Chapter 10, Section 4 The Coming of the Civil War p. 373-377 Abraham Lincoln’s election leads seven southern states to leave (secede from) the Union. The Nation Divides Main Idea: The election of 1860 led to the breakup of the Union. • Democratic Party splits into northern & southern sections – Stephen Douglas - Northern Democrat – “will NOT support slavery” – John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat – “supports slavery” Stephen Douglas John C. Breckinridge • Whig Party becomes Constitutional Union Party - Nominates John Bell – “heal the Union” • Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln – “Stop the spread of slavery” John Bell Abraham Lincoln • Democratic Party splits: – Stephen Douglas on the Northern Democratic ticket – John C. Breckinridge on the Southern Democratic ticket • Whig Party becomes Constitutional Union Party (John Bell) • Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln (wins with 59% E-votes) Election of 1860 • Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln – Opposes the SPREAD of slavery – Favors protective tariffs – Receives less than 40% of the popular vote, but wins majority (59%) of votes in Electoral College How unpopular is Lincoln in the south? Republican Candidate Lincoln: 1860 President-elect Lincoln Feb. 23, 1861 • His name doesn’t even appear on the ballot in most Southern states! Southern States Secede! • Lincoln’s election leads south to believe President & Congress were against them. • South Carolina secedes on December 20, 1860. • Lame-duck President Buchanan does nothing. The Confederate States of America • Six other states follow South Carolina to form the Confederate States of America (The C.S.A.). - Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas • Confederacy meets in Alabama, forms a government, trains an army, and elects a president. Jefferson Davis: President of the C.S.A. (Confederate States of America) in office February 18, 1861 – May 10, 1865 • All before Lincoln takes office The Civil War Begins Main Idea: President Lincoln’s assurances of friendship in his inaugural address are rejected by the South. • At his inauguration, Lincoln makes 3 promises, trying to keep the Union together: 1. Will NOT interfere with slavery where it already exists 2. WILL enforce the Fugitive Slave Law! 3. Will NOT allow any further extension of slavery “If I could save the Union without freeing ANY slave, I would do it,…” - A. Lincoln 1862 http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/greel ey.htm Lincoln’s First Inauguration: - March 4, 1861 Fort Sumter • Federal fort located in the mouth of Charleston Bay, South Carolina • April 12, 1861: South Carolina militia attacks! • After 34 hours of bombardment the fort surrenders to the Confederacy. • THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS! http://www.nps.gov/fosu/planyourvisit/directions. htm Bombardment of Fort Sumter