Transcript people.ucls.uchicago.edu

1860 and Beyond
Embarking on Abraham Lincoln’s Journey
to the Beginning of the Civil War
By Caitlin McKee, Zoe Dervin, Alexis Tyndall, and Alec Wyers
The Election of 1860
Candidates: Abraham Lincoln, Stephen
Douglas, John C. Breckenridge, and John
Bell.
Parties: One Republican (Lincoln), One
Constitutional Party (Bell), and Two
Democrats (Breckinridge and Douglas).
Keep in mind: The Democratic party’s split
plays a huge part in Lincoln’s win.
Abraham Lincoln
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Abraham Lincoln was the only
Republican candidate in the
election of 1860.
Lincoln’s focus was for each
individual to be free and have the
rights they deserved.
Lincoln would allow there to be
slavery in the South, but he would
not let it expand westward.
Stephen Douglas
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Stephen Douglas was the
candidate for the Northern
Democrats.
Douglas neither opposed slavery or
favored it, but instead believed that
a state would vote on whether or
not they wanted slavery (using
popular sovereignty).
John C. Breckinridge
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John C. Breckinridge was the
candidate for the Southern
Democrats.
Breckinridge was in favor of
slavery and he would allow it to
expand westward.
Breckinridge was also a strong
believer in state’s rights.
John Bell
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John Bell was the
candidate for the
Constitutional Party.
Bell was in favor of slavery,
but he would not allow it to
expand westward just as
Abraham Lincoln wouldn’t.
Republicans vs. Democrats
Major and important difference:
Republicans believed strongly in federal
power
Democrats believed strongly in states rights.
Popular Vote
Electoral College VS
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Amount of votes per
state depends on the
population.
A group of people that
do not have to vote
the same way the
citizens of the state
did, but they usually
do.
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Votes cast by the
citizens of the
state, ONLY cast
by white males.
Not the final say in
terms of who wins
the election.
What is Secession, and Why Did the South
Secede?
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Secession is to withdraw from an alliance,
federation, or association.
The South seceded from the Union mostly
out of fear that Lincoln would abolish
slavery.
The South thought that if they were not part
of the Union, Lincoln could not control them.
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Order of Seceded States
Before Lincoln’s Call For Troops: South
Carolina (seceded on December 20,1860),
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas
After Lincoln’s Call For Troops: Virginia,
Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee
Border States (did not secede):
Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland
The Call For Troops
● Lincoln’s call for troops occurred on
April 15, 1861.
● Lincoln wanted 75,000 volunteers to fight for
the Union against the Confederate States of
America. Lincoln ended up not needing all
of the troops.
After the call for troops, Virginia, North
Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded from the
Union.
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Border States
● Border states (Missouri,Delaware, Kentucky,
and Maryland) were states that stayed in
the union but kept slavery.
Border states were crucial to the war
because of their protection to Washington
D.C. and the extra manpower to the North.
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The Inaugural Address
What is it?: The Inaugural Address is a
speech that each new president makes
during the inaugural ceremony setting forth
his or her intentions as the President.
When was Lincoln’s?: Lincoln’s Address was
on March 4, 1861 (about a month before The
Call For Troops).
Lincoln’s Appeal
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The North
Stating that
the Union is
perpetual.
Insuring
them that
the South
would return
with peace.
Both sides
● Tried to
convince
both sides to
agree
peacefully.
● In the end, it
is up to the
American
people.
The South
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Said that
slavery
would not
be
abolished.
Encouraged
them not to
secede.
Themes in Lincoln’s Inaugural Address
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The Union’s perpetuity, as stated in the
Constitution.
The North and South must find a peaceful
agreement.
Both sides cannot let their passion for their
beliefs wage a war.
Lincoln’s Ideal Union
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Lincoln wanted there to be peace throughout
his term.
This was not possible because president James
Buchanan left Lincoln to deal with the seceded
states.
Lincoln would prefer for there to be no war.
Lincoln’s goal was to successfully lead the
Union to be the greatest nation in the world.
Technology: Railroads
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Railroads played a huge role in the Civil War
Leaders could transport their troops much more
quickly instead of walking to their destination.
This was an advantage because it would not
tire the men out.
Also, if armies could capture the enemy’s
railroad junction, it could hinder the enemy’s
chance of getting supplies and other vital things
in war.
Civil War Railroad Map
Technology: Naval Use
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Steam powered engines served as
blockades and transports. (Mostly for the
Union.)
Ironclad ships were plated with steel or iron
(hence the name) which meant they could
not be destroyed as easily.
For the Confederacy, they used torpedos to
blow up the Unions ironclads.
USS Corondel: Northern Iron Clad Ship
Confederate Torpedoes
Technology: Weaponry
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In 1860 Winchester Firearms Company
produces one of the first semi-automatic
weapons in History, known as the Henry
Model 1860.
The Loading process was much faster, and
was very accurate because it used bullets.
Henry Model 1860
Technology: Photography
Starting Camera:
Taking Pictures: Developing Picture:
Collodion is
● Photographer ● Glass is placed in
Pyrogallic Acid.
applied to the
removes cap,
● Then in a mixture of
glass panel to
exposing the
Sodium Thiosulfate
sensitize the glass
glass to light. for protection.
to light
● Then he puts ● The Picture is dried,
to what is called a
the cap back
Then, it is inserted
glass negative. The
on. (Too much
into the Camera.
Negative can be
light will ruin
printed on paper.
Picture!)
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Civil War Photography
Thank
You