Transcript Age of Enlightenment

Ch. 10
Age of Enlightenment
*Philosophe- intellectual of the Enlightenment (writers,
professors, journalists, economists, social reformers
from the nobility & middle class)
 French
noble
 The Spirit of the Laws
(1748)
Three branches of
government
• Executive, legislative,
judicial
 Separation

of powers
The 3 branches limit &
control each other in a
system of checks &
balances
Montesquieu
Voltaire


French, middle-class
Religious views:



Critical of Christianity
Supported idea of deism• God (the clockmaker) had created the universe , set
it in motion, and allowed it to run without His
interference, according to its own natural laws
Strong belief in religious toleration
• “all men are brothers under God” (Treatise on
Toleration)
Don’t forget
 Dress
up in GREEN tomorrow!
 BRING
IN CANNED GOODS!
Adam Smith

1776- The Wealth of Nations


Laissez faire- “to let do”
(hands-off govt.)
The state should not interfere
in economic matters. Govt.
should only have 3 basic roles
1. Protecting society from invasion
(army)
2. Defending citizens from injustice
(police)
3. Keeping up public works (roads,
canals) that private individuals
couldn’t afford
Beccaria
 On
Crimes and
Punishments


Argued that punishments
should not be cruel and
unusual
Opposed capital
punishment
• “Is it not absurd, that the laws,
which punish murder, should,
in order to prevent murder,
publicly commit murder
themselves?”
CSWK/HMWK
 Do
not have to write the questions.
 p.307--
#4, 5, 7, 8
 p. 324-- #8, 10, 13, 18, 19
Don’t Forget!

DRESS-UP for WACKY TACKY DAY tomorrow! (within
dress code as best as you can!)
 Bring in CANNED FOOD! Take to Mrs. Yancey/Moore’s
classroom.
 Bring MONEY for chain-links!
 SIGN UP for Class Olympic events- make sure you get
the best among you to enter! Greater chance to win!
 HAVE
A GOOD ATTITUDE WITH
HOMECOMING, SUPPORT OUR TEAM,
AND HAVE FUN! 
Enlightened Ruler
ruler who tried to govern by Enlightenment principles
(freedoms, rights, toleration, reform) while maintaining their
royal powers


Frederick
the Great
Joseph II
Frederick the Great (Prussia)abolished use of torture, granted
limited freedom of speech &
press, religious toleration
Joseph II (Austria)- abolished
serfdom, eliminated the death
penalty, established principle of
equality, religious toleration
(though most of these reforms
failed)
The Arts- Literature
 Diderot


Created The Encyclopedia- 28
volume collection of the
sciences, art, and trades
Helped spread the ideas of the
Enlightenment
The Arts- Art style

Rococo



used by the 1730s
Emphasized grace, charm, & gentle action
Highly secular (not a lot of religious themes)
Fragonard
Chardin
The Arts- Music
 Baroque


Bach (organist, composer)
Handel (religious music)
 Classical


Style- grand, ornate
Style- simpler
Mozart (child prodigy)
Haydn (musical director for wealthy
Hungarian princes)