Transcript Biopsycosocial model of disease

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
MODEL OF DISEASE
Human Disease: Three Models
Medical Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Epidemiological Model
Human Disease
Medical Model

Emphasis on medical treatment
 You’re

either healthy or you’re not.
Missing important dimensions of health
 Psychology
and Social aspect are separate
 Address disease but may not consider quality of life
(QOL)
OECD Health Data
Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011
Medical Model continued

By medical model standards….
 U.S.
should have the best health and longest life
expectancy.
Picture source: onefoundation.org
Epidemiological Model
Host
Agent
Environment
Problems with disease models
Individuals
Picture Source: google images
Problems

Families
Picture source: Google images
Problems

Natural Disasters
Picture Source: Google images
Problems

Pollution
Picture Source: Google images
Problems

Poverty
Picture source: Google images
Problems
Picture source: Google images
Biopsychosocial Model

Health (and illness) are caused/influenced by many
factors.
 Mind
and body are not separate
 Relationships are significant to health

Health is on a continuum
Implications


Consider biological, psychological, and social
factors
Relationships are significant to health
 Patient
and doctor
 Patient and family, friends, others

Keep people healthy rather than wait to treat them
when they become ill.
Challenges

Poverty as underlying issue
 Lack





of resources, education
Behavior and/or lifestyle
Misuse of antibiotics
Gaps in immunizations
Lack of access to healthcare
New diseases and re-emerging strains
Biopsychosocial Model of Disease
Biology
•Age, sex
•Disease state
•Genetics/heredity
•Physical symptoms
•Meds/drugs/addiction
Environment
•School/work place
•Church
•Social norms / cultural norms
•Community / Health services
•Neighborhoods / National
economy
•Mass media
•Policy / laws
Psychology
•Attitudes/beliefs
•Mood state
•Behaviors
•Religiosity/spirituality
Social
•Support: formal/informal
•Roles: work/family/peers
•Physician-patient
relationship
•Socioeconomic status
Example: Diabetes
Biology
•Diabetes
•No family history
•Skin bumps, fuzzy vision,
fatigue, burning feet, pruritis,
erectile dysfunction
•Agent Orange exposure
Environment
•Healthcare at VA, has to travel
•Diabetes class offered
•Fast food everywhere; supersized
portions
•2nd hand smoke triggers desire to
smoke
•Cultural norm – embarrassed by
weight
•Gov’t will not compensate for
agent orange exposure
Psychology
•“It’s always in the back of
my mind”
•Guilt: can’t work as much
•Depression, stress
•“I just miss eating junk”
Social
•Marriage suffering
•Doesn’t trust doctor (noncompliant)
•Boss did not promote
•Can’t play with grandkids
Example: Fibromyalgia
Biology
•Female
•Fatigue
•Joint stiffness
•Tender points
•Widespread aches
Environment
•Good access to health care
•Environment is conducive to exercise
•She tries to surround herself with a
healthy environment.
Psychology
•Depression
•Information seeker
•Difficult to get motivated
•Uses stress management
Social
•Supportive friends/family
members
•However, husband is not
very supportive
•Work role is stressful
•Teaches water aerobics