Transcript CELLS

The Cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature
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A. History of Cells & the Cell
Theory
Cell Specialization
2
1. 1662-Anton van Leeuwenhoek
a.
b.
c.
First to make and use a
compound light
microscope
He found tiny living
things in water he called
“animicules”
Considered the “father
of Microscopy” because
of his advances in making
microscopes and lenses.
2. 1665-Hooke is
responsible for
naming cells.
Hooke looked at
cork and called them
“CELLS” because they
looked like the
small rooms that
monks lived in
called Cells
4
3. The Cell Theory
a. In 1838, a
German botanist
named Matthias
Schleiden
concluded that all
plants were made
of cells
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b. In 1839, a German
zoologist named
Theodore Schwann
concluded that all
animals were made of
cells.
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c. In 1855, a German
medical doctor named
Rudolph Virchow
observed, under the
microscope, cells
dividing. He stated
that all cells come
from other preexisting cells by cell
division
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d. CELL THEORY(final results)
1. All living things are
made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit
of structure and
function in all living
things. (basic unit of
life)
3. All cells are produced
from other cells.
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B. Cell Size and Types
1. Cells, the basic units of organisms,
can only be observed under microscope
2. Three Basic types of cells include:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Bacterial Cell
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Cell Size
Question:
Are the cells in an elephant
bigger, smaller, or about the
same size as those in a
mouse?
10
3. CELL SIZE- Typical cells range from 5 – 50
micrometers (microns) in diameter
*
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4. Factors Affecting Cell Size
a. Surface area
b. Volume of a cell
c. Volume increases FASTER than the
surface
12
What’s the Answer?
Question:
Are the cells in an elephant
bigger, smaller, or about the
same size as those in a mouse?
About the same size, but …
The elephant has MANY MORE cells than
a mouse!
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5. Number of Cells
a. Although ALL living things are made of
cells, organisms may be:
1. Unicellular – composed of one cell
2. Multicellular- composed of many cells
that may organize into tissues, etc.
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Which Cell Type is Larger?
_________
> ___________
Plant cell > _____________
Animal cell
bacteria
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a. Multicellular Organisms
1. Cells in multicellular organisms
often specialize (take on different
shapes & functions)
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Specialized Animal Cells
Muscle cells
Red blood cells
Cheek cells
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Specialized Plant cells
Guard Cells
Pollen
Xylem cells
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C. Organization Levels of Life
Atoms to Organisms
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1. Nonliving Levels
a. ATOMS

b. MOLECULES
 c. ORGANELLES
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2. Living Levels

a. CELLS – life starts
here

b. TISSUES – Similar cells working
together
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c. ORGANS
Different
tissues
working
together

d. ORGAN
SYSTEMS
Different
organs
working
together
e. ORGANISM

Different systems
working together
to make a whole
complete living
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things
D. Simple or Complex Cells
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1. Prokaryotes – The first Cells
a. Cells that have no nucleus or special cell
parts
b. Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall
c. Includes bacteria
d. Simplest type of cell
e. Single, circular chromosome
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2. Eukaryotes-complex
a. Contain 3 basic cell
structures:
– Nucleus
– Cell Membrane
– Cytoplasm with organelles
b. Includes protists,
fungi, plants, and
animals
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c. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic
Cells
1. Plant Cell
2. Animal Cell
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