Transcript Semester 2

BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW
CELLS
What is the difference between a
prokaryote and a eukaryote?
A: Prokaryotes have no nucleus
and or organelles. Eukaryotes
have a nucleus and organelles.
CELLS
True or False: All cells contain
DNA.
A: True-Prokaryotes have DNA in
cytoplasm, Eukaryotes it is in the
nucleus.
CELLS
Which type of cell contains cell
walls and chloroplasts?
A: Plant cells
CELLS
Organism WITHOUT a nuclear
membrane and has no membrane
bound organelles
A: What is a PROKARYOTE?
CELLS
Name this organelle that breaks
down glucose to produce
energy
A. The mitochondrion
(mitochondria) plural.
CELLS
Which organelle helps in protein
synthesis (making proteins)?
A: A ribosome, can be found in cytoplasm
or rough ER.
CELLS
Name this
organelle that gives
plants their green
color and carries
out photosynthesis.
A. A chloroplast.
CELLS
This organelle looks
like a flat stack of
pancakes and helps is
sorting and packaging
materials.
A. Golgi Apparatus.
Label-Control center of cell
NUCLEUS
(ANIMAL)
Label- “Powerhouse”
MITOCHONDRIA
(ANIMAL)
Label-Transport, has ribosomes
ROUGH ER(ANIMAL)
Label-Transport, flat stack pancakes
GOLGI (ANIMAL)
Label-Breaks down toxins, outside
Rough ER
SMOOTH ER (ANIMAL)
Label-empty space, holds water
in plants
VACUOLE (PLANT)
Label-Converts energy from sun to
glucose, Photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST (PLANT)
Label-Flat stack of pancakes,
transport
GOLGI (PLANTS)
Label-outside of cell, structure and
support
CELL WALL (PLANTS)
Label-jelly-like fluid in ALL cells
CYTOPLASM
(PROKARYOTE)
Label-circular ____ found in
cytoplasm, contains genetic material
DNA (PROKARYOTE)
Label-small dots, make proteins,
In ALL cells!
RIBOSOMES (PROKARYOTE)
CELLS
True or false: Only plant cells contain
cell walls.
A. False- Plant cells and Prokaryotes
(bacteria) can have cell wall. Animal cells
DO NOT!
CELLS
Smallest unit of biological organization that
can perform all life’s processes
Answer: A cell.
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
CELLS
Photosynthesis takes place in the
___________.
Answer: Chloroplast, which are found
in leaves
CELLS
Respiration takes place in the ___________.
Answer: Mitochondria, remember
plants and animals undergo respiration
CELLS
What are two types of respiration?
Answer: Aerobic (requires oxygen)
Anaerobic (No oxygen) Aerobic is
more productive
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
RANDOM-ANIMAL
SYMMETRY
3 TYPES OF SYMMETRY
 Radial
symmetry : shaped like a wheel
 Bilateral
left side
symmetry (bi-two) : has a right and
 Asymmetrical
: (a= not) no pattern at all
WHICH TYPE OF SYMMETRY?
Bilateral
WHICH TYPE OF SYMMETRY?
Asymmetrical
WHICH TYPE OF SYMMETRY?
Radial-Confusing I know!
WHICH TYPE OF SYMMETRY?
Bilateral (2 sides)
WHICH TYPE OF SYMMETRY?
Bilateral (2 sides)
VOCAB
Step of protein synthesis in which DNA is
copied into a RNA strand
A: What is DNA TRANSCRIPTION?
VOCAB
Type of respiration in which no
oxygen is required
A: What is anaerobic respiration ?
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
This person published the
Origin of Species and is
associated
with the theory of
evolution.
A: Who is Charles Darwin
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
This person
discovered the cell
when examining
pieces of cork.
A: Who is Robert Hooke?
http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~bio463/images/nucleosome.jpg
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
This person is credited for the
Classification system.
Binomial nomenclature
A: Who is Carolus Linneaus ?
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
These two people
are given credit for
discovering the
structure of DNA
A: Who are Watson and Crick?
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
This female used X-ray
Crystallography to study
the structure of DNA.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
CELL DIVISION
Form DNA takes during cell division
A: What is chromosomes?
Changes from chromatin
(squiggly line) to chromosome)
DNA that is NOT scrunched up
in the nucleus of dividing cells
A: What is chromatin ?
CELL GROWTH
Name this
phase of
mitosis
A: What is metaphase ?
CELL DIVISION
300
http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp
These fibers attach at the center of the
chromosome and pull them apart?
A: What are spindle fibers?
CELL DIVISION
How many chromosomes can be
found in human body cells and
human sex cells?
A: What is 46 and 23?
CELL DIVISION
A child grows from a baby to an adult
through this process
A: What is mitosis?
WHAT ARE THE 3 PHASES OF
INTERPHASE?
WHEN IS DNA COPIED?
CELL DIVISION
This is a human karyotype showing pairs
of human chromosomes. Is this person a
male or female?
A: Male (XY) on 23rd chromosome.
Female-XX
CELL DIVISION
What is wrong with this karyotype and
what is the disease?
A: Extra 21st chromosome-Down
syndrome
CELL DIVISION
A process in which one cell
divides into 4 genetically
different daughter cells.
A: What is meiosis
CELL DIVISION-LABEL PHASES
CELL DIVISION-LABEL PHASES
CELL DIVISION-LABEL PHASES
CELL DIVISION-LABEL PHASES
What are four stages of
mitosis in order?
2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MITOSIS
AND MEIOSIS – ON NEXT PAGE
Mitosis
Body cells
1 division
Makes 2 cells
New cells identical
46 chromosomes in humans
Chromosomes
Meiosis
Sex Cells
2 divisions
4 cells made
New cells diff.
(23)
Homologous
Chromosomes
CELL DIVISION
What are homologous
chromosome?
A: Only found in meiosis,
chromosomes pair together.
GENETICS
Person who has one normal and one
mutant allele that doesn’t show a
genetic trait but can pass it on to offspring
A: What is a CARRIER ? Like Aa, will
not show trait, but could pass on.
GENETICS
A change in the genetic code
A: What is a mutation ?
GENETICS
Type of inheritance in which both
alleles or traits show together at same
time Ex: Blood Type or Roan cattle)
A: What is codominance?
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
GENETICS
Type of inheritance in which both traits
blend together. Ex: Red and white
flower makes pink
A: What is incomplete dominance?
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
DNA
What does DNA stand for
A: What is deoxyribonucleic acid ?
DNA
Makes up the sides of the DNA
ladder
A: What are phosphates and sugars?
DNA
How can the structure of
DNA be described?
A: What is a double helix?
DNA
Subunit used to
Build a DNA molecule.
A: What is a nucleotide?
http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~bio463/images/nucleosome.jpg
DNA
What are the three parts of a
nucleic acid?
A: Phosphate, Sugar (Deoxyribose in
DNA, Ribose in RNA), Nitrogen base
(ATCG in DNA, AUCG in RNA)
Tell two ways DNA is different
from RNA
DNA
double stranded
has deoxyribose sugar
has A, T, G, C
No U
RNA
single stranded
has ribose sugar
has A, U, G, C
No T
GENETICS
DNA copied to DNA: Replication
DNA copied to mRNA: Transcription
mRNA to amino acids: Translation
GENETICS
Replication occurs in: Nucleus
Transcription in: Nucleus
Translation in: On ribosome in cytoplasm
GENETICS
Replicate the following DNA
sequence into an mRNA strand:
TACGAT
A: What is ATGCTA?
GENETICS
TRANSCRIBE the following DNA
sequence into an mRNA strand:
TACGAT
A: What is AUGCUA?
GENETICS
What is the probability a hamster will
be brown if both of it’s parents were
heterozygous and black?
A: What is 25% or ¼ (Bb x Bb)
GENETICS
Probability
offspring in this
cross will be
TALL (TtxTt)
A: What is ¾ or 75%?
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
How must a scientific
name be written?
A: With genus capitalized and
species lowercase. They also must
be in italics. (Turdus migratorios)
What are the 7
taxonomic groups
in order?
A: What is kingdom, phylum, class
order, family, genus, species?
MOLECULES
This molecule has a
hydrophyllic head and
hydrophobic tail.
A: Phospholipid, a type of lipid
in cell membranes.
MOLECULES
Name this
carbohydrate
burned in the
mitochondria to
release energy
A: Glucose, a type of sugar
MOLECULES
Name this kind of RNA
molecule
A: What is a tRNA used in
translation and carries amino acids
MOLECULES
Subunit (monomer)
used to build nucleic
acids
A: What is a nucleotide?
MOLECULES
Subunit (monomer)
used to build proteins
A: What are amino acids?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Most end in ose,
examples include
sugar, lactose,
glucose
A: What are carbohydrates?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Most end in ase,
examples include
enzymes
A: What are proteins?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Hydrophobic, repels
water
A: What are lipids?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Paper bag test
A: What are lipids?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Examples include
DNA, RNA, rRNA,
tRNA, and mRNA
A: What are nucleic acids?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Test used is the iodine test,
turns dark purple in presence of
starch.
A: What are carbohydrates? Starch
is example of a carb.
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Biuret’s test, changes
to light purple in the
presence of this
A: What are proteins?
PROTEINS, CARBS, LIPIDS, OR NUCLEIC ACIDS????
Benedicts test, test
for monosaccharides,
turns red, dark orange
A: What are carbohydrates?