Transcript 100

Cells
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cell Division – Mitosis &
Meiosis
Molecular Genetics
Evolution &
Classification
Cells
PhotoRespiration
synthesis
Cell
Division
Molecular
Genetics
Evolution
&
Classification
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Double Jeopardy!
Cells
What is a type of
hydrocarbon with
double bonds that
result in kinks in the
tail?
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Cells
What is unsaturated?
Back
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Cells
What are the channels
found in plants that
perforate the cell
wall?
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Cells
What is
plasmodestmate?
Back
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Cells
The process that
amoebas and many
protists use by
engulfing their food
particles in order to
eat.
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Cells
What is phagocytosis?
Back
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Cells
What are found belted
around epithelial cells in
organisms that prevent
leakage into or out of
these organs?
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Cells
What are tight
junctions?
Back
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Cells
A structure within the cell
that contains catalase in
order to convert hydrogen
peroxide into water by
releasing oxygen atoms.
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Cells
What are peroxisomes?
Back
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Photosynthesis
The process by which ATP is
formed during the light
reaction of photosynthesis.
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Photosynthesis
What is chemiosmosis?
Back
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Photosynthesis
What type of plants carry
out a different form of
photosynthesis by keeping
their stomates closed
during the day, but open at
night?
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Photosynthesis
What are CAM
(crussalucean acid
metabolism) plants?
Back
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Photosynthesis
Where is ATP formed as
protons diffuse down the
gradient from the thylakoid
space into the stroma,
resulting in the energy
used to power the Calvin
cycle?
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Photosynthesis
What are ATP synthase
channels?
Back
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Photosynthesis
The type of membranes
within the grana that are
part of the structure of
chloroplasts.
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Photosynthesis
What are thylakoids?
Back
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Photosynthesis
An instrument used to
measure the ability of
pigment to absorb various
wavelengths of light.
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Photosynthesis
What is a
spectrophotometer?
Back
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Respiration
Where does the Citric Acid
cycle take place?
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Respiration
What is the
Mitochondrial Matrix?
Back
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Respiration
The process that occurs
during chemiosmosis and
is the way 90% of all ATP
is produced during cell
respiration.
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Respiration
What is oxidative
phosphorylation?
Back
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Respiration
What type of enzyme is PFK
(phosphofructokinase)
which inhibits glycolysis
when the cell has enough
ATP?
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Respiration
What is an allosteric
enzyme?
Back
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Respiration
With each turn of the Citric
Acid cycle, what waste
product is created?
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Respiration
What is CO2?
Back
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Respiration
The maximum number of
molecules of ATP each
NAD molecule can
produce within the
electron transport chain.
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Respiration
What is 3?
Back
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Cell Division
Longest phase of Meiosis I.
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Cell Division
What is prophase I?
Back
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Cell Division
Which period of
interphase is a period
of intense growth and
biochemical activity?
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Cell Division
What is G1 phase?
Back
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Cell Division
Phase of mitosis when
chromosomes cluster at
opposite ends of the cell
and the nuclear
membrane begins to
reform.
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Cell Division
What is telophase?
Back
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Cell Division
The result of cytokinesis that
forms in animal cells as
actin and myosin
microfilaments pinch in the
cytoplasm.
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Cell Division
What is cleavage
furrow?
Back
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Cell Division
Phase of meiosis when each
chromosome pairs up
precisely with its
homologue to ensure each
daughter cell will receive
one homologue from each
parent.
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Cell Division
What is synapsis?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
Which enzyme joins RNA
nucleotides to make the
RNA primer in DNA
replication?
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Molecular Genetics
What is primase?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
Three stages of
transcription.
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Molecular Genetics
What is initiation,
elongation, and
termination?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
Insertion and deletion both
result in what type of
mutation in the DNA
sequence?
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Molecular Genetics
What are frameshift
mutations?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
The name of the nucleotide
sequences located at the
ends of eukaryotic
chromosomes to protest
the lost of genes. (usually
get shorter each time DNA
replicates)
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Molecular Genetics
What are telomeres?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
Series of segments that
make up the lagging
strand that will eventually
be made into a continuous
strand by DNA ligase.
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Molecular Genetics
What are Okazaki
fragments?
Back
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Evolution &
Classification
Type of evolution that
describes the process by
which two unrelated
species that live in the
same environment show
similar adaptations.
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Evolution &
Classification
What is convergent
evolution?
Back
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Evolution &
Classification
Type of genetic drift that occurs
when a small population breaks
from a large one and colonizes a
new area, and may not accurately
represent the alleles present in the
original population.
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Evolution &
Classification
What is the Founder
Effect?
Back
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Evolution &
Classification
Domain of classification that
contains organisms with
the feature of having only
ONE type of RNA
polymerase?
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Evolution &
Classification
What is Domain
Bacteria?
Back
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Evolution &
Classification
Using the Hardy-Weinberg
equation(s): If the allelic frequency
of a dominant trait in a population
is 0.6, find the percent of the
population that is heterozygous.
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Evolution &
Classification
What is 48%?
p+q=1
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
p=0.6 2pq (represents hybrids)
q=0.4 = 2(0.6)(0.4)=0.48 = 48%
Back
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Evolution &
Classification
Members of the Domain
Bacteria have thick, rigid
cell walls that contain this
unique substance.
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Evolution &
Classification
What is peptidoglycan?
Back
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Double
Jeopardy!!!
Plant Systems
Animal Systems
Ecology
Labs
Biotechnology
Things we didn’t cover
Plant Systems
Animal
Systems
Ecology
Labs
Biotechnology
Things
We
Didn’t
Cover
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Final Jeopardy!
Plant Systems
Plants with no
transport vessels and
absorb water by
diffusion from the air.
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Plant Systems
What are bryophytes?
Back
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Plant Systems
In the sexual life cycle of plants
(alternation of generations),
which structure produces
eggs and which structure
produces sperm?
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Plant Systems
egg: What is
archegonium?
Sperm: What is
antheridium?
Back
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Plant Systems
Symbiotic structure that assists
in supplying plants water and
nutrients and consists of the
plant’s roots with filaments of
fungus to increase the
amount of nutrients
absorbed.
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Plant Systems
What is mycorrhizae?
Back
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Plant Systems
Phototropism results
from the unequal
distribution of what?
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Topic 7
What are auxins?
Back
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Plant Systems
Plant cells with very thick
primary and secondary cell
walls with the purpose of
supporting the plant. (two
forms: fibers and sclereids)
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Plant Systems
What are
sclerenchymal cells?
Back
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Animal Systems
Least toxic type of
nitrogenous waste.
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Animal Systems
What is uric acid?
Back
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Animal Systems
Component of the
blood that carries
hemoglobin and
oxygen. Formed in
blood marrow.
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Animal Systems
What are red blood
cells?
Back
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Animal Systems
Type of filaments that
consist of two strands of
actin proteins wound
around another; and their
location within the muscle
cell. (2 answers)
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Animal Systems
What are thin
filaments?
What is cytoplasm?
Back
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Animal Systems
Structure located on the
back of the throat that
directs food into the
esophagus instead of the
wind pipe.
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Animal Systems
What is the epiglottis?
Back
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Animal Systems
Structure that is a modified
plasma membrane that
surrounds each muscle
fiber.
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Animal Systems
What is a sarcolemma?
Back
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Ecology
Type of Survivorship curve
that shows a very high
death rate among young
members of a population,
but a declined death rate
for those who survive to
live at an older age.
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Ecology
What is a Type 3
survivorship curve?
Back
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Ecology
Defense mechanism when a
harmless animal mimics
the coloration of a
poisonous one.
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Ecology
What is Batesian
mimicry?
Back
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Ecology
When two species that
inhabit the same niche are
competing for resources,
and one species evolves
through natural selection
to exploit different
resources.
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Ecology
What is resource
partitioning?
Back
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Ecology
Two toxins that, if they enter
the food chain, will
accumulate due to
biological magnification to
cause birth defects.
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Ecology
What are carcinogens
and teratogens?
Back
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Ecology
What do Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria convert free
nitrogen into? (contribution
to the nitrogen cycle)
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Ecology
What are ammonium
ions (NH4+)?
Back
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Labs
The process we tested
during the lab when a bag
of sugar/starch solution
was immersed into a dilute
iodine solution.
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Labs
What is
diffusion/osmosis/or
water potential?
Back
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Labs
In the Respiration Lab, what
instrument did we set up
to compare the rate of
respiration of the peas?
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Labs
What is a respirator?
Back
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Labs
In the circulatory physiology
lab, when measuring blood
pressure, this is the
pressure in the artery
when the ventricles are
relaxed.
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Labs
What is diastolic
pressure?
Back
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Labs
An important component of
experimental design, is the
group to which the factor
being tested is not applied
to serve as a comparison.
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Labs
What is a control
group?
Back
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Labs
In the photosynthesis lab,
what did we use as an
electron acceptor?
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Labs
What is DPIP? (a blue
compound)
Back
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Biotechnology
Examples of the formation of
this includes: viral
transduction, bacterial
transformation, conjugation,
and the jumping of
transposons around the
genome.
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Biotechnology
What is recombinant
DNA?
Back
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Biotechnology
Differences in restriction
fragment patterns in each
person that results in a
human’s individual DNA
fingerprint.
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Biotechnology
What are RFLPs? (Restriction
fragment length
polymorphisms)
Back
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Biotechnology
In the polymerase chain
reaction, what should the
piece of DNA to be
amplified be placed in a
test tube with in order to
perform DNA synthesis? (3
part answer)
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Biotechnology
What is Taq polymerase
(heat-stable form of DNA
polymerase)? What are
nucleotides? And what are
primers?
Back
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Biotechnology
A radioactively labeled single
strand of a nucleic acid
molecule that is used for a
specific sequence in a DNA
sample. Can be used to
identify a person who carries
an inherited genetic defect.
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Biotechnology
What is a DNA probe?
Back
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Biotechnology
Type of DNA produced by
retroviruses as the enzyme
reverse transcriptase makes
DNA transcripts of RNA;
which creates a DNA molecule
with the coding sequence of
interest without the introns.
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Biotechnology
What is cDNA?
(complementary DNA)
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
Common skin disorder;
typically characterized
by inflamed skin
patches covered with
white scales.
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Things we didn’t cover
What is psorlasis?
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
Another name for a
proenzyme. An
enzyme in it’s inactive
form.
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Things we didn’t cover
What is a zymogen?
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
A random motion of
molecules that occurs at
the synaptic cleft in a
chemical synapse.
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Things we didn’t cover
What is Brownian
motion?
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
Term for the microvilli of the
small intestines with many
digestive enzymes.
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Things we didn’t cover
What is a brush
border?
Back
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Things we didn’t cover
Term for the clumping of particles.
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Things we didn’t cover
What is agglutinate?
Back
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Final
Jeopardy!!!
Final Jeopardy!!!
The temporary structure that
is derived from the follicle and
releases estradiol and
progesterone throughout
pregnancy.
Final Jeopardy!!!
What is the corpus
luteum?