Transcript Cells

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Module 5 – Cells, the Body and
Reproduction
Module Focus: Biology
• USE ONE WHOLE PAGE – Copy and leave 5 lines of
empty space, then write one sentence for each
questions for as much as you know.
The Questions:
1. What are we made up of?
2. How does each part of us work?
3. How do we have babies?
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Cells and the Body
Saturday, 02 April 2016
Behaviour Focus: EXCEL! Be the
best of focusing in doing your job!
• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning
objectives
The Big Question: How do cells work for our bodies?
L.O.1: What is the body made up of?
L.O.2: How do they do work for us?
L.O.3: Why do they work like that?
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What are living things made of?
Cells are the building
blocks of life – they come
in all shapes and sizes.
Some organisms are
unicellular – they are
made up of only one cell.
Other organisms are multicellular – they are made
up of many types of cells. Can you think of some
examples of unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Cells work together to carry out the seven life processes
that are needed for an organism to stay alive.
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What are the seven life processes?
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What is a cell?
Animal and plant cells come in different shapes and sizes,
but they all have three basic features.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
animal cell
plant cell
Plant cells also have some extra features that make them
different to animal cells.
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A typical animal cell
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The parts of a typical animal cell
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The cell – a living factory!
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What does each part do?
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A typical plant cell
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The parts of a typical plant cell
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Comparing animal and plant cells
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What shape is a cell?
Cells are not flat; they are usually three-dimensional (3D).
Most cells have three basic parts: the nucleus, cytoplasm
and cell membrane. They may also contain other small
structures called organelles, that perform specific jobs.
But the 3D shape of the cell is determined by its location
in the body and the job that it does.
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Do all cells look the same?
Cells can be different shapes and sizes and also have
different functions. This is because they are specialized.
The shape of a cell is related to its function. Where do you
see this idea in sport?
Why are the players in a
rugby team often different
shapes and sizes?
The players in a rugby team
are different shapes and sizes
because each player does a
different job for the team.
Like rugby players, cells are different shapes and sizes
because they perform different jobs.
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Whose cell is it anyway?
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From cell to organism
All living things are made up of cells. The appearance of
each living thing is the result of the types of cell that it is
made up of and how these cells are organized.
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How is the body like a school?
To understand how the body is organized, think about all the
different people that work in a school to make it function.

teachers and teaching assistants

caretakers and cleaners

dinner ladies and bus drivers

governors and office workers
Everybody in the school needs to know where they should be
and what they are doing for the school to function properly.
Everybody does a different job – they have different skills
and equipment to help them do their job.
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How is the body organized?
Living things are made up of organized systems too.
Each specific cell is grouped with other cells similar in
structure and function to form tissues and ultimately organs:
Cells are
the basic
units of life.
cell
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Groups of cells
work together to
form tissues.
tissue
Groups of tissues
work together to
form organs.
organ
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What is a system?
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Testing the capacity of our lungs
• Aim: To find out ____________________
• Equipment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
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Testing the capacity of our lungs
• Variables:
1. We are changing the ________________
2. We are measuring the _______________
3. We are keeping ______________ the same.
• Methods:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
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Results
Name:
Lung
Capacity
Boy / Girl
Rank in
height
Do girls have bigger lung capacities or do boys have?
How can you tell this?
Do taller people have bigger lung capacity?
How can you tell this?
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The function of a
nerve cell is to
transmit messages
to and from the brain
The function of a red
blood cell is…
A specialised cell is …………….……………………....
……………………………………………………………....
Which body system? Copy and Match
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The Breathing System
Saturday, 02 April 2016
Behaviour Focus: Forgive but not
Forget, Return a Good Favour but
not a Back-Chat
• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning
objectives
The Big Question: How do we know what to breath in?
L.O.1: What organ parts are in the breathing system?
L.O.2: How do they do work for us?
L.O.3: Why do they work like that?
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Respiration
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L.O.1 What organ parts are in the
breathing system?
• Please finish the first page of the work
sheet and copy all names down under the
L.O.1 in your book.
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In your group: Rearrange the Steps of
Breathing in (inhaling)
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The alveoli
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Gas exchange
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L.O. 3 - Why do they work like that?
• Now try the questions in the worksheet
• And then try answer the L.O.3 in two parts:
1.Why do the ribcage expands (gets larger
in space)?
2.Why do we fill the alveoli (the air sacs)
with air?
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Comparing inhaled and exhaled air
What are the differences between inhaled and exhaled
air?
Exhaled Air
Inhaled Air
Oxygen:
21%
Oxygen:
16%
Carbon dioxide: 0.04%
Carbon dioxide:
Water vapour:
small amount
Water vapour:
large amount
4%
What are the main differences?
How could you test for the differences between
inhaled and exhaled air?
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What is breathing?
The breathing system is used by the body to
get the oxygen needed for respiration.
It is also used to get rid of one of
the waste products of respiration:
the gas, carbon dioxide.
Breathing in and breathing out are
separate processes in the body.
Breathing in is called inhalation. When you inhale, you
breathe air, including oxygen, into your lungs.
Breathing out is called exhalation. When you exhale
you breathe out the contents of your lungs and get
rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide.
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Why be organized?
Why do organisms have to be so organized?
Organization of the body allows complex organisms to
carry out many different jobs at the same time.
movement
body life
processes
respiration
sensitivity
nutrition
excretion
growth
reproduction
Being organized means that the body does not waste
energy, so it is more efficient.
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Review – cells and organs
Saturday, 02 April 2016
Behaviour Focus: Let it cool! There
is no point in making things worse.
• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning
objectives
The Big Question: How are things all organised?
L.O.1: What is a taxonomy?
L.O.2: How do we put body parts in a taxonomy?
L.O.3: What else can we use taxonomy to help our
science studies?
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Inhalation and exhalation
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• Put the items into the taxonomy of the hierarchy of size of
objects in the universe
•
•
•
•
•
the Solar System
the Universe
the Country United Kingdom
the planet Earth
the Milky Way Galaxy
• Draw your own taxonomy of the hierarchy of organisms from
“all living things” to “a cell in the cat”
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Skeletons
Saturday, 02 April 2016
Behaviour Focus: Suggest a reason,
test to get evidence before you ask
people to listen to what you say
• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning
objectives
The Big Question: Why do we need bones?
L.O.1: What are bones?
L.O.2: What can bones do for us?
L.O.3: What if our bones are not working well?
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Bones and Movement
Saturday, 02 April 2016
Behaviour Focus: Carefully test
what you Ambitiously Suggest
• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning
objectives
The Big Question: How bones help us move?
L.O.1: What is body movement?
L.O.2: How does that happen?
L.O.3: Why different animals have different bones?
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When does the body need new cells?
 Growth – your body loses cells because they are
constantly dying, but your skin doesn’t disappear
and you don’t get smaller.
 Repair – you cut your
finger, it heals, and weeks
later you cannot even see
where the cut used to be.
 Reproduction – your body can make sex cells.
In humans, these cells are the sperm or egg cells.
These cells contain genetic information.
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Where do new cells come from?
How does the body produce new cells?
The body is constantly producing new cells from old cells.
This process is called cell division.
Cell division occurs extremely quickly and each new cell
is also able to divide.
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What is cell division?
New cells are produced by cell division, but this doesn’t
mean that cells split in half.
What would be the problem if cells
did split in half to produce new cells?
There wouldn’t be much of the cells left!
What actually happens is that cells
have to make new copies of the
material inside them, as well as new
membranes, before they divide.
Just before a cell divides, it appears to grow slightly as it
reproduces everything inside itself. The nucleus doubles
in size and then divides into two equal halves.
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The process of cell division
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What does cell division really look like?
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Make a cell model
You can make your own 3D cell
using the following items:
 a plastic bag
 cellulose paste
 small objects to suspend in
the cellulose paste (these
will represent the internal
structures of the cell).
Can you make a model of a
typical plant or animal cell?
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Collecting plant cell samples
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Collecting human cell samples
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Using a microscope
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Looking at cells
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Who invented the microscope?
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Parts of a microscope
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Glossary
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Anagrams
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How should you prepare cells?
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Cells – summary
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Multiple-choice quiz
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