Transcript Cellular Energy (Ch. 5)

Cellular Energy
(Ch. 5)
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Part 1: Basic Energy Concepts
• Potential Energy- stored energy
• Kinetic Energy- energy of motion
• First Law of Thermodynamics
– Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Quick Review of Cell Concepts
• What are the 4 major molecules of life?
•
•
•
•
Protein
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates- use??
• What cellular structures make energy?
– Mitochondria
– Chloroplasts
Part II Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell- makes ATP (energy)
• Makes ATP through Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP)
Glucose + Oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Part II Chloroplasts
• Perform photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy 
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon + Water + Sunlight Glucose +
Dioxide
Oxygen
Part II Important Concepts
• Your cells do cellular respiration and have
mitochondria!
– This is a reason why….
– You need to eat and breathe oxygen,
Important Concepts
• Plant cells have mitochondria too!
– The amount of mitochondria in plant cells is
much smaller than that of animal cells
• Plant cells have chloroplasts
– Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular resp.
– In other words chloroplasts make the products
for cell respiration to start.
– Cell resp. makes the products for
photosynthesis to start.
It’s all Circular!!!!
Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
(ATP)
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energyC6H12O6 + 6 O2
Part III: Energy in Autotrophs
• Autotrophs- organisms that make their
own energy (usually from the sun)
– These organisms do photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy 
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Examples of Autotrophs…
Part III: Energy in Autotrophs
• For photosynthesis to work, autotrophs
must take in and absorb sunlight
• Pigments- molecules that absorb light
– Each pigment absorbs a different wavelength
of light
• Reason why different pigments are different colors
• Chlorophyll- green (doesn’t absorb green
wavelength)
• Cartenoids- yellow/orange
ROY G BIV
Red: Low frequency
Low Energy
Violet: High Frequency
High Energy
Part IV: Energy in Heterotrophs
• Heterotrophs: must consume organisms to
get energy
– Food is Potential Energy (stored in chem
bonds)
• Calorie- units that measure the amount of energy
in food (1 cal = heat to raise 1 g of water 1 deg. C)
• This stored energy in food is used to make ATP
Part V: ATP
• ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
• Function: Energy for cell
• Structure:
• The two phosphate groups have a negative
charge and want to repel each other. This bond
releases a lot of energy when broken
Part V: ATP
• Why use ATP?
– Too much energy in a carbohydrate to be
used efficiently
Part V: ATP
• Making ATP- (All food is made into ATP)
– 1) Phosphocreatine- enzyme that add P to
ADP to make 1 ATP
• Quick energy
• Anaerobic (no oxygen needed)
• Occurs in cytoplasm
Part V: ATP
• Making ATP
– 2) Glycolysis and fermentation-partially
breaking down glucose to make 2 ATP
•
•
•
•
Short term energy
Anaerobic
Occurs in cytoplasm
Types
– Humans: Lactic Acid Fermentation
– Yeast: Alcoholic Fermentation
» Bread
» Alcoholic Bevs
Part V: ATP
• Making ATP
• 3) Cellular Respiration- complete break
down of glucose into 36 ATP
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
– Long term energy
– Aerobic (need oxygen)
– Occurs in mitochondria
– Can use carbs, fats, proteins as fuel
Part VI: Diet and Exercise
• Metabolism- total of all chemical reactions
in the body
– More active a person is the higher their
metabolism
– Does your metabolism slow down?
– How do you lose weight through diets?
– What about those low carb diets?
Energy (ATP)
Movement
Breakdown
of Food
Circular
Active Transport
Production of fats,
Proteins, sugars
Waste Products
ADP +Pi