Transcript CARBS & LIPIDS - East Pennsboro High School

Cellular Fuels
 Simple
sugars
• Monomer used
produce all other
forms
• Source of instant
energy
 Examples:
• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose
 Double
Sugars
 Examples:
• Maltose: glu + glu
• Lactose: glu + gal
• Sucrose: glu + fru
=
+
 Complex
Carbs
 Dehydration Synthesis
• Bond monomers together by removing water
 Energy
storage:
• Starch (alpha glucose)
 Long chains
 Plastids of plants
• Glycogen (alpha glucose)
 Branched molecule
 Liver & muscles of animals
 Building
materials
• Cellulose (beta glu)
 Cell walls of plants
 Humans unable to digest
• Chitin (beta glu + N2)
 Mushrooms cell walls
 Arthropod exoskeletons
(add CaCO3)
 Hydrolysis
– chem. rxn used to break
bonds btw monomers & release energy.
 Dehydration
synthesis: removing –OH
from 1 monomer & a H from another in
order to bond them together
 Glycerol
 Fatty
Acids
 Saturated
Fats
• All single C-C bonds (full of Hydrogen)
• Solid @ rm temp
• Animals fats
 Unsaturated
Fats
• Un – 1 double C=C bond; polyun - >1 C=C bond
• Liquid @ rm temp
• Plant & fish fats
 Synthetically
add H’s to an unsat fat to
convert it into a saturated fat
 Why???
• Increased shelf-life & flavor, spreadable
 Make
up cell membranes (bilipid layer)
 2 fatty acid chains & a phosphate group
 Composed
rings
of ~20 Carbons twisted into 4
 Long
term energy storage
 Insulation
• Cold (layer under skin)
• Nerve endings (myelin sheath)
 Hibernation
 Regulate
diffusion thru c. mem
 Protection
 Communication btw cells (hormones)
 Metabolism (fat soluble vitamins –A,D,E,K)