Transcript Plants
Plant Structure and Function Angiosperm structure Root system depends on shoot for organic molecules Shoot system depends on root for water and nutrients Organ vs. tissue Plant tissues Nonwoody plants: Epidermis Wood plants: Periderm replaces epidermis Water/nutrient absorption vs. cuticle Root and stem vascular tissue: stele Ground tissue INTERNAL to vascular: pith Ground tissue EXTERNAL to vascular: cortex Protoplast: Cell contents EXCLUDING the cell wall Plant tissues Plant tissues For your assigned organ, either list examples of form follows function OR describe the basic structure of it (including tissues and difference between monocot and eudicot). Be prepared to explain 1 – Leaf form follows function 2 – Stem form follows function 3 – Root form follows function 5 – Leaf structure (688) 6- Stem structure (687) 7 - Root structure (685) Plant growth Indeterminate vs. determinate growth Annuals vs. biennials vs. perennials Apical meristems primary growth Lateral meristems secondary growth When does growth happen? Plant structure Plant growth Secondary growth Plant concept map Start your concept map with the following categories Plant Reproduction Structure Regulation transport Think carefully how you want to integrate the diagrams. They can be hand drawn or cut out from the internet. Many terms can be used to label diagram (still need to be connected to 2 other terms with connecting phrase) Over the weekend, write out terms, and begin finding connections between terms Water potential review Transport regulation: Root pressure Aquaporins: Increase the RATE of osmosis Cell membrane vs. vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) Symplast vs. apoplast Root pressure Diffusion is only efficient over VERY small distances (less than 100 μm) Bulk flow (driven by pressure) Pathway of water and minerals Guttation: Root pressure can only push water up 2-3 m. What mechanism delivers water to the top of a Redwood tree? Increasing SA: Root hairs and mycorrhizae Transpiration Push (+ Ψ) or pull (- Ψ)? Ψ outside leaf < Ψ inside leaf Direction of water vapor? How could this allow water to move upward? Film lining air spaces curves as vapor leaves ↑ radius ↓ Ψ TRANSPIRATION! TranspirationCohesion Water pulled toward airspace film, which pulls on COLUMN of water molecules (cohesion and adhesion) Transpiration lab instructions Place plant into tubing UNDER water. Check to ensure there are no air bubbles. Use petroleum jelly to seal Prediction, interpretation of conditions Why change units to mL/m2? Mark which data must be filled in Stomatal opening/closing Photosynthesis/transpiration compromise Sunny, warm, windy days increase evaporation, why? Adaptations to water loss: Cuticle, biochemical pathways (xerophytes) Light: Stimulates membrane proton pumpsK+ accumulation Osmosis makes guard cells turgid Stomata open Depletion of CO2 stomata open Circadian rhythm, Phloem movement Plant reproduction Plant reproduction Double fertilization 1 sperm egg (zygote- 2n) 1 sperm 2 polar nuclei (3n) endosperm Embryo development Seed structure Ovule seed Ovary fruit (controlled by hormones) Simple (peach, pea pod, nut) vs. aggregate (raspberry) vs. multiple (pineapple) Seed germination Phototropism experiments Phototropism experiment (Went) Extracted the chemical messenger (auxin) Plant hormones Know table on pg. 794. Auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene