Transcript Plant cell and Animal cell – Cell membrane and

Plant cell and Animal cell
–
Cell membrane and
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
What is a cell membrane?
The cell membrane is the very thin outermost layer of the cell that
functions to keep the cytoplasm and organelles in the cell and other
particles out.
It is semi permeable meaning that it only allows certain particles through.
The purpose of this is to be able to let molecules in that the cell needs,
like nutrients, but to keep particles out that could harm the cell.
Cell Membrane
What is the function of cell membrane?
The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and, in animal cells,
physically separates the intracellular components from the extracellular
environment.
The cell membrane also plays a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to
provide shape to the cell, and in attaching the extracellular matrix to help
group cells together in the formation of tissues.
The barrier is selectively permeable and is able to regulate what enters
and exits the cell, thus facilitating the transport of materials needed for
survival.
Cell Membrane
What is the structure of a cell
membrane?
•
The cell membrane is a
phospholipid bilayer
•
It is composed of proteins and
lipids
•
The structure consists primarily of
a thin layer of amphipathic
phospholipids which arrange so
that the hydrophobic "tail" regions
are shielded from the surrounding
polar fluid
A cross section of the cell membrane.
You should notice two different
structures; the phospholipids are the
round yellow structures with the blue
tails, the proteins are the lumpy
structures that are scattered around
among the phospholipids.
Cell Membrane
Transport Proteins:
Carrier proteins are proteins
which do not extend all the way
through the membrane. They
move specific molecules through
the membrane one at a time
Carrier proteins bond and drag
molecules through the bilipid
layer and release them on the
opposite side.
Mitochondria
What is the function of
mitochondria?
Mitochondria are organelles found
inside most eukaryotic cells.
They generate the energy that the
cell need, so they are sometimes
compared to power plants.
The mitochondria make adenosine
triphosphate, which the cell can
use as an energy source.
The synthesis of ATP is done
through the citric acid cycle, which
uses glucose, pyrovate and NADH
as the input molecules.
Mitochondria
What is the structure of mitochondria?
•
Mitochondria have two membranes
•
The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains it
•
The inner membrane folds over many times; folding increases the surface
area inside the organelle
•
The increased surface area allows the small organelle to do as much work
as possible
•
Many of the chemical reactions happen on the inner membrane of the
mitochondria
Mitochondria
•
The mitochondria is the power
plant of the cell.
•
The more active the organism is,
the more mitochondria it will have
in its cells.
•
It is the part that turns food into
energy.
•
Think of the mitochondria as the
part of the cell that burns the fuel
to keep the organism running.
Bibliography
1. Harweb 2001 – 2011, Josh bomstein United States of America, veiwed 5 August
2011, http://www.harweb.com/cell/animal.htm
2.
Plant cell structures 2008, admin United States of America, veiwed 6 august 2011,
http://plantcellstructures.com/plant-cell-structures/cell-membrane-and-cell-wall/
3. EnchantedLearning 2001-2010, EnchantedLearning United States of America, viewed
7 august 2011, < http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/>
4. Buzzle 2000-2010, 2011 Puja Lalwani United States of America, viewed 6 august
2011,< http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-plant-cell-diagram-andfunctions.html>