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Eye Cancer (Eye Melanoma)
Melanoma is a cancer form which grows in the cells that make
melanin- the pigment that gives your skin its color. Though melanoma
typically affects the skin, it can also spread to the eye. Eye melanoma is
also known as ocular melanoma. Melanoma is the most common type
of eye tumor in adults however, melanoma of the eye alone is rare.
Eye melanoma is difficult to identify because it forms in the part of the
eye you can't see when looking in a mirror. Moreover, this type of
cancer typically doesn't cause early signs or symptoms.
Eye melanoma may not show signs and symptoms at the beginning.
But when they appear, they may include:
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A growing dark spot on the iris
A sensation of flashing lights
A change in the shape of the dark circle (pupil) at the center of
your eye
Poor or blurry vision in one eye
Loss of peripheral vision
Sensation of flashes and specs of dust in your vision (floaters)
Bulging eyes
It's not clear what causes eye melanoma, also called ocular melanoma.
Doctors know that eye melanoma occurs when errors develop in the
DNA of healthy eye cells. The DNA errors tell the cells to grow and
multiply out of control, so the mutated cells go on living when they
would normally die. The mutated cells accumulate in the eye and form
an eye melanoma.
Eye examination: Your eye doctor will examine the outside of your
eye looking for enlarged blood vessels that can specify a tumor
inside your eye. With the help of instruments, he/she will look
inside your eye.
 Eye ultrasound: An eye ultrasound uses high-frequency sound
waves from a transducer to produce images of your eye.
 Angiogram: It is a procedure where a colored dye is injected into a
vein in your arm. The dye travels to the blood vessels in your eye. A
camera with special filters to detect the dye takes pictures every
few seconds.
 Removing a sample of suspicious tissue for testing: In some cases,
your eye doctor may propose a procedure to remove a sample of
tissue
(biopsy)
from
your
eye.
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Treatment for malignant melanoma of the eye will depend on the
specific type of tumor that you have. If the tumor is small and is not
growing rapidly, your eye specialist may not recommend treatment.
However, he/she will keep an eye on the growth of the tumor. If your
tumor is large or has the potential to spread, your doctor may
recommend more belligerent treatment. There are several options:
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Surgery to remove the eye
Radiation therapy to kill the cancer cells inside the eye
Laser therapy
Extreme cold may be used to destroy melanoma cells in some small
eye melanomas
We know there is a link between sunlight and melanomas of the skin,
and there are things you can do that might reduce your risk of these
cancers, including limiting your exposure to intense sunlight, covering
up with protective hats and clothing, and using sunscreen. Wearing
UV-protected sunglasses when outside in strong sunlight. Wraparound sunglasses with 99% to 100% UVA and UVB absorption
provide the best protection for the eyes and the surrounding skin. This
might help reduce the risk of developing cancers of the skin around
the eyes. The link between sunlight and eye melanomas is not proven,
but some doctors think that sunglasses might also reduce eye
melanoma risk.
Vision loss. Large eye melanomas often cause vision loss in the
affected eye and can cause complications, such as retinal
detachment, that also cause vision loss.
 Increasing pressure within the eye (glaucoma)
 Eye melanoma that spreads beyond the eye.
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Light eye color. People with blue eyes or green eyes have a greater
risk of melanoma of the eye.
Being white. White people have a greater risk of eye melanoma
than do people of other races.
Increasing age. The risk of eye melanoma increases with age.
Certain inherited skin disorders. A condition called dysplastic
nevus syndrome, which causes abnormal moles, may increase your
risk of developing melanoma on your skin and in your
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. There's some evidence that
exposure to UV light, such as light from the sun or from tanning
beds, may increase the risk of eye melanoma.
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