Transcript Romania

Romanian National Oceanographic and Environmental
Data Center
Viorel MALCIU
Luminita BUGA
Gabriel GANEA
Forth ODINBlackSea Steering Group Meeting
11 – 15 September, Sevastopol, UKRAINE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR
MARINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
“GRIGORE ANTIPA”
Blvd. Mamaia 300, RO – 900581
Constanta, ROMANIA
Tel: +40 241 543288, 540870
Fax: +40 241 831274
E-mail: [email protected]
Romanian National Oceanographic and Environmental
Data Center (NOEDC) is designated as a NODC in the
context of IOC-IODE system. It was established in 2007 as
a Department of National Institute of Marine Research and
Development “Grigore Antipa”.
The
centre
is
officially
recognized
as
Romanian
Oceanographic Data Centre, replacing former Designated
National Agency and is included in the list of world
oceanographic data centers of IOC/IODE.
COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTORY
COMMITTEE
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR
DEPARTAMENT
OCEANOGRAPHY
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL
GENERAL DIRECTOR
TECHNICAL DIRECTOR
DEPARTAMENT MARKETING
MANAGEMENT
TECHNICAL
DEPARTMENT (nava, auto)
ECONOMIC DIRECTOR
ECONOMIC
DEPARTMENT
Projects
DEPARTAMENT ECOLOGY AND
ENVIONMENT PROTECTION
INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM
COMPARTMENT
BIROU HUMAN RESOURCES
COMPARTIMENT
DEPARTAMENT MARINE LIVING
RESOURCES
JURIDIC COMPARTMENT
INVENTI
COMPARTIMENT DISSEMINATION
OF INFORMATION
INTERNAL AUDIT COMPARTMENT
COMPARTMENT WORK
PROTECTION
NATIONAL AND
LMA
PROFESIONAL
FORMATION
COMPARTMENT
INTERNATIONAL
CENTERS
NATONAL
OCEANOGRAPHIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
CENTER
DEPARTAMENT
INVESTITIONS
SECRETARIAT CNZC
SECRETARIAT CNRO
DEPARTAMENT
ADMINISTRTIV
Personnel:
1 manager
1 assistant manager
1 administrator IT
2 operators
Capacity building:
Available existing capacities, simultaneously with the NIMRD’s general services:
- the external data lines (leased line, FO, bandwidth ~4Mbps Internet granted;
- the existing communication datacenter (routers, switches, infrastructure
servers, C class IP address space PA in administration, Internet visibility active
services (name, routing, etc.);
- the existing internal (physical and logical) computer network;
- the existing application servers and workstations;
- for servers, the used hardware /software platform is Open Source based:
Linux (openSUSE or SLES) /Apache /PHP /PostgreSQL – MySQL, with time
demonstrated stability, installed on Intel architectures;
- for workstations, the used hardware /software platform is Intel P4 class
/Microsoft Windows based.
Being the technical operator of the marine monitoring network
(physical, chemical and biological) and for coastal erosion survey,
NIMRD holds a comprehensive volume of marine data and information
(stored in National Oceanographic and Environmental Data Center NOEDC).
The main area of interest is Black Sea with special attention to the
western part of Black Sea.
The national data collection of the NOEDC consists of:
Physical and chemical
data
Biological
data
Hydrodynamic
data
Environmental
data
Air temperature
Sea water temperature,
Sea water salinity, density
Sea water transparency
Dissolved oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrate
Nitrite
Ammonium
Silicate
Pesticides
Hydrocarbons
Heavy Metals
Plankton
Benthos
Chlorophyll-a
Ichthyology
Sea waves
Sea level
Sea currents
Functional zones
Protected areas
Socio - economic
data
Digitized maps
Presently Romanian NOEDC collates data and metadata from:
•
National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”
•
Maritime Hydrographic Directorate (MHD)
•
National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology (GeoEcoMar)
•
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority (DDBRA)
Considering the ODIN objectives regarding increasing the
transnational data exchange capacity of the national NODC’s and
in order to contribute to
the Ocean Data Portal
system, NIMRD, as
NODC, have proceeded
to install (as we assumed
to) the required
infrastructure.
At NIMRD site, the E2EDM Data Provider software is up and
running (installed and configured) since Fri, April 24, 2009.
The E2EDM Data Provider
software is installed:
- on an appropriate
dedicated physical
machine in the NIMRD’s
server room;
- have assigned a FQDN
name in the NIMRD’s
name space and
- benefits of a dedicated
private IP address from
the NIMRD’s PA IP address The coordinates and the appropriate paths are
proper communicated since the end of the
space.
installation, setup and configuration process.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA” as Romanian NODC is partner in:
SEADATANET
Black Sea SCENE
EMODNET pilots _ Chemical lot
} based on SeaDataNet network of NODC’s
Romanian NOEDC is adopting SeaDataNet data policy which
“is consistent with, and in the spirit of, national and international policies
and laws” and “is intended to be fully compatible with the Directive of the
European Parliament and of the Council on public access to
environmental information, the INSPIRE Directive, IOC, ICES, WMO,
GCOS, GEOSS and CLIVAR data principles.”
Partners
GeoEcoMar
MHD
NODC
Tools
DDBRA
NIMRD
CMS
Services
(directories)
EDMED
Coordinators,
Developers
BODC
CMS, MIKADO
EDMERP, EDMO,
CMS
EDIOS
CMS
CSR
CDI, DQC
MARIS
BODC
BSH-DOD
CMS
Scientist, Bibliography,
SED
RIHMI-WDC
Scheme of metadata / data coordination for ROMANIA
Concerning the SeaDataNet and BlackSeaScene Download Manager,
the software packages is taking the same profit of the NIMRD’s IT
existing possibilities as the E2EDM Data Provider software did:
-appropriate dedicated machine in the NIMRD’s server room,
-assigned FQDN name in the NIMRD’s name space and
-dedicated private IP address from the NIMRD’s PA IP address space.
The operational coordinates and the appropriate paths are also proper
communicated.
The Black Sea Scene Download Manager is in production state.
Formats:
Present:
Data:
xls, text, ODV 4
Metadata:
adopted ISO 19115
In work:
All data
ODV format
Data till 1996: free
Present Database Structure
After 1996: on request
There was upgraded the existing the SDN Download
Manager, in order to work in the respective oceanographic
data exchange environment and the adjacent projects (e.g.
Upgrade Black Sea Scene)
It is installed on a stand-alone machine, in the NIMRD’s
external DMZ. It will be moved on the new infrastructure
(enterprise-class servers, etc.). In the next slide is shown
a global network schematic.
Problems:
- lack of redundant (backup) Internet line (in order to
increase data availability;
- limited professional storage capacity;
- limited data backup capacity (existing storage capacity
is assigned mainly to the working areas – see above &
previous slide);
- delays in moving the systems to the new infrastructure.
It was further noted that there are substantial differences in granularity
between SeaDataNet and ODP. SeaDataNet considers each profile as a
separate data set. ODP allows flexible setting of granularity (e.g. a
cruise, map, product, profile, etc, can all be a data set).
Participants involved in both SeaDataNet and ODP called for a single
software application that can be used to register data in either system.
If portals such as ODP and SeaDataNet are populated, the problem of
duplication will become a serious issue.
Existing Infrastructure for the Integrated
Monitoring System
Operational oceanography:
Tsunami Early Warning System, Sea level, Sea surface temperature (SST), Air pressure
NIMRD premises:
storage, data QC and
transfer
NIMRD
Gateway
ISP
FTP Data
transmission,
every minute
Gateway
Constanta MedGLOSS station no 28
Data
acquisition,
storage and
transfer every
minute
Intelligent Digiquartz Depth Sensor for sea level and
water temperature;
SETRA Atmospheric pressure sensor;
National Instrunents pre-processor interface;
Local
premises
ISP
Gateway
UPGRADED INFRASTRUCTURE:
GPS for accurate time stamping,
Gateway
Computer with LabView DAQ system, local storage and
NearRealTime data transmission interface
Sea Level online record sample(s) sent to the IOC Sea Level Monitoring facilities
There was aquired a specific Internet domain name, nodc.ro, for the Romanian National Oceanographic
and Environmental Data Centre (NOEDC), in order to operate a specific web site on the NIMRD’s
infrastructure, http://www.nodc.ro/. The web site is currently under development.
There was designed and setup a public information system concerning Black Sea marine
information in the Constanta area, with development capacities, at the NIMRD’s headquarters
in within ECOOP and MyOCEAN projects.
Existing operational oceanography: oceanographic
forecast
Prognoza
oceanografică
Cunoaşterea dinamicii
parametrilor fizico-chimici
Marea Neagră
(On the site of
Ministry of
Environment and
Forests)
http://www.rmri.ro/RMRI/Forecasts/ForecastsRO.html
Existing operational oceanography: sea currents and waves in the coastal area
For sea current and waves
monitoring in the coastal area,
three Acoustic Doppler Current
Profilers ADCP Workhorse
Sentinel 600 Hz are used in fixed,
underwater measurements
locations or in oceanographic
cruises. Data are used for
oceanographic forecast as well
Operational deep sea oceanography
Romanian operational oceanographic system is supposed to answer to:
• Global Monitoring and Environment Security (GMES), having as a main component an
integrated system for ocean monitoring and crises management;
• Marine Strategy Framework Directive – water quality monitoring, biodiversity protection,
marine living resources protection, environment information system;
• INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community), the component
for waters - WISE (Water Information System for Europe) – coordination of data and information
exchange;
• European Maritime Strategy – Green Book regarding Maritime Policies where one can find the
need for a European network for observation and data regarding marine environment.
NEW SEAWATCH SYSTEM FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC FORECAST
(draft project to be submitted to INNOVATION NORWAY)
Danube monitoring stations (Sulina,
Sf. Gheorghe)
The SEAWATCH system has three main parts:
-Real time observations from oceanographic and river buoys;
-Data from other sources (e.g. coastal stations, research ships) and numerical models. Data
management and forecasting services;
Autonomous oceanographic buoys
-Data and information distribution.
List of the parameters provided by the oceanographic buoys
Parameters
Group
Air pressure
X
Air temperature
X
Wind speed
X
Wind direction
Physical
Wave height
Physical
Total disposable mass
Biologic
PAR (Photosynthetic disposable mass)
Biologic
Humidity
Physical
Waves period
Physical
Direction and speed of the surface current
Physical
Sea surface temperature and salinity
Physical
Radioactivity
Chimic
Light attenuation
Physical and biological
Hydrocarbons
Chimical
Oxygen
Chimical and biological
pH
Chimical and biological
Chlorophyll
Biological
Nutrients
Chimical and biological
RIVERWATCH system
The RIVERWATCH system is an integrated,
real-time, monitoring and information system
providing forecasting, warning and decision
support which can improve the
resource/emergency management capabilities
of river basin authorities, government
agencies, industry and others responsible for
water supply, power generation, agriculture,
waterway transport, waste disposal, public
health and water quality.
Main applications of RIVERWATCH include:
Boundary conditions for modeling, forecast
Pollution control
Flood early warning
Irrigation scheduling/operation
River navigation
Water allocation and drought management
Integrated river basin management
Annex 1
CURRENT STATE AND EVOLUTION TRENDS
OF THE ROMANIAN BLACK SEA COASTAL
ENVIRONMENT IN 2010
S. Nicolaev - Director
T. Zaharia - Scientific Director
V. Abaza, L. Alexandrov, L. Boicenco, A. Bologa, D. Diaconeasa,
C. Dumitrache, O. Dumitrescu, C. Ispas-Sava, L. Lazăr, V. Malciu,
R. Mateescu, V. Maximov, D. Micu, V. Niță, A. Oros, E. Stoica,
F. Timofte, D. Țigănuș, D. Vasiliu, T. Zaharia
National Institute for Marine Research and Development
NIMRD „Grigore Antipa“ Constanța
România, RO-900581 Constanța CT-03, 300 Mamaia Blvd.,
e-mail: [email protected] - web: http://www.rmri.ro/
27
COASTAL PROCESSES
Coastal processes had the
following percentage for the
spring season 2009 - 2010:
- erosion 61%;
- relative stability 17%;
- accretion 22%.
In autumn 2009 -2010, the share of
coastal processes for the
Năvodari - Vama Veche area was:
- erosion 53%;
- relative stability 29%;
- accretion 18%.
The relative stability increased from 17%,
in spring (after the cold season, when the
beach erodes), to 29%, in autumn (after
the hot season, when the beach rebuilds
itself).
22%
22%
17%
39%
EM
ES
SR
AS
The share of coastal processes
(erosion/relative stability/accretion) on
the coastal beaches Năvodari-Vama
Veche, spring 2009-2010
6%
18%
12%
29%
35%
EP
EM
ES
SR
AM
The share of coastal processes
(erosion/relative stability/accretion) on
28
the coastal beaches Năvodari-Vama
Veche, autumn 2009-2010
SEA LEVEL
Sea level, as a state indicator
of the coastal zone,
emphasized a constant positive
deviation during the entire year,
except for September and
October.
Except for this period, in 2010,
the sea level average values
overlap the long term monthly
maxima.
cm 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ian
Febr
Mart
Apr
Mai
Iun
Iul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
-10
Maximum monthly mean values 1933 - 2009
-20
Monthly mean values 1933 - 2009
Monthly mean values 2010
-30
Minimum monthly mean values 1933 - 2009
The annual average exceeded by 23.5 cm the long term annual
average (1933 - 2009) and thus the annual average of 2010
becomes the highest in the last 77 years.
29
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
INDICATORS
General indicators
TRANSPARENCY
3
2.5
Transparency [m]
• Variation interval
0.5÷6.5 m
•Transitional waters
- 1 m average, st. dev. 0.7 m
•Coastal waters
- 3 m average, st. dev. 1.6 m
•Marine waters
- 3.2 m average, std. dev. 1.3 m
3.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Transitional waters
Coastal waters
Medial (m)
Marine waters
St. Dev. (m)
Transparency averages in Romanian littoral water
bodies, 2010
The minimum values ​were below 2 m, the allowable value for both the ecological
state, as well as the impact of anthropogenic activity, of Order No. 161/2006 “Norms on surface water quality classification to determine the ecological status
30
of water bodies“.
TEMPERATURE
Constanţa:
30.00
15.0
25.00
14.0
20.00
13.0
T [oC]
T [oC]
min. - 0.4oC
(24.01.2010)
max. + 29.8oC
(17.08.2010)
15.00
12.0
10.00
11.0
5.00
10.0
0.00
I
Insignificant
differences between
1959-2009 and 2010
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
m+s
m-s
1959-2009
X
XI
XII
9.0
2010
2010
19
59
19
62
19
65
19
68
19
71
19
74
19
77
19
80
19
83
19
86
19
89
19
92
19
95
19
98
20
01
20
04
20
07
20
10
Normal seasonal
variations
(a)
(b)
Comparative analysis of multiannual monthly (a) and annual (b) averages of
seawater temperature (oC), Constanța, 1959-2009 and 2010
The average annual temperature of the sea water in Constanța has
increased significantly over the past 8 years compared to the period 19592002. The averages of July and August 2010 were approx. 4-4.7 oC higher
than the multiannual monthly averages (1959-2009) for the same period.
31
SALINITY
17.00
17.00
16.50
15.00
16.00
14.50
10.00
14.00
9.00
13.50
07
04
01
98
95
92
89
10
20
20
20
20
19
2010
19
1959-2009
19
medie-s
19
medie+s
86
13.00
83
XII
19
XI
80
X
19
IX
77
VIII
19
VII
74
VI
19
V
71
IV
19
III
68
II
59
I
19
8.00
65
11.00
15.00
19
12.00
15.50
62
13.00
19
14.00
19
Salinitate [PSU]
16.00
19
Insignificant
differences between
2010 and 1959-2009
Absolute minimum
7.13‰
18.00
Salinitate [PSU]
Constanţa
monthly averages
10.09÷16.91‰
(20th of July 2010)
Absolute maximum
19.09‰
(a)
(b)
Comparative analysis of multiannual monthly (a) and annual (b)
averages of seawater salinity (PSU), Constanța, 1959-2009 and 2010
(3rd of June 2010)
Salinity is influenced by the Danube’s input and climatic factors (winds and
rainfall regime) and, in 2010, recorded the lowest annual average
(13.94‰) of the past 19 years.
32
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
400
380
•
Monthly averages, Constanţa:
69.2 - 456.9 µM
29.3 -156.63%
360
Dissolved oxygen [µM]
•
Insignificant seasonal variations
(saturation, t test) due to
temperature and biological oxygen
balance.
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
1959-2010
500.0
In July 2010, a hypoxyc event with
fish mortalities was recorded in
Constanţa, due to climatic factors
and algal blooms.
450.0
Good oxygenation of coastal
waters, with slightly lower
concentrations in the warm season
compared to the period 1959-2009
Dissolved oxygen [µM]
•
400.0
350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
I
II
III
average+s
IV
V
VI
average-s
VII
VIII
1959-2009
IX
X
XI
XII
2010
Comparative analysis of multiannual monthly (up) and annual
33(down)
averages of seawater dissolved oxygen (µM), Constanța, 1959-2009
and 2010
Eutrophication indicators
NUTRIENTS
•
•
•
•
Significantly lower nitrate concentrations (t test) compared to 1976-2009
Ammonium concentrations comparable (t test) to 1980-2009, but higher in the
warm season in 2010
P: low values, comparable (t test) to 1960-1970, reference interval for good
water quality
Si: significantly different (t test) from 1960-2010, with lower monthly averages
20.00
25.00
Nitrates
16.00
20.00
Constanţa
1976-2009
and 2010
14.00
Amoniu, [µM]
Azotati, [µM]
(µM)
15.00
10.00
Constanţa
8.00
6.00
1980-2009
and 2010
4.00
5.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
I
Fosfati [µM]
(µM)
II
III
medie +s
IV
V
medie-s
VI
VII
VIII
1976-2009
IX
X
2010
XI
III
IV
m+s
12.00
60.0
10.00
50.0
8.00
40.0
6.00
II
XII
Silicati, [µM]
Phosphates
1960-2009
and 2010
(µM)
12.00
10.00
I
Constanţa
Ammonium
18.00
V
m-s
VI
VII
VIII
1980-2009
IX
X
XI
XII
2010
Silicates
(µM)
Constanţa
30.0
20.0
4.00
1960-2009
and 2010
10.0
2.00
0.0
0.00
I
II
III
IV
medie+s
V
VI
medie-s
VII
VIII
1960-2009
IX
X
2010
XI
XII
I
II
III
m+s
IV
V
m-s
VI
VII
VIII
1959-2009
IX
X
XI
XII
2010
Generally, nutrient concentrations (inorganic forms of N, P, Si) recorded normal 34
values,
slightly higher in transitional waters and anthropogenic impact areas
CHLOROPHYLL a
60
55
Chlorophyll a, microgram/l
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Median
Min-Max
Month
80
75
 the lowest values measured in December
(below 1 μg/l)
Chlorophyll a values recorded in 2010
confirm the increasing trend observed
in the past years.
70
65
Chlorophyll a, microgram/l
 In 2010, chlorophyll a concentrations ranged
between 0.66 and 58.47 μg/l in the Romanian
coastal waters
 Seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll a showed:
 a late winter peak related to annual typical
diatoms cycle
 low chlorophyll level in late spring
 significant increase in summer (peaked in
August) as a result of optimal thermal and
haline conditions
60
55
50
45
 Short-term climate changes - the main factor
controlling chlorophyll a variability in the
Romanian coastal waters
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
Median
Min-Max
 Nutrient regime - favorable for sustaining a high
primary productivity in the area
35
Contamination indicators
HEAVY METALS
The distribution of heavy metals in seawater and sediments from transitional, coastal
and marine areas evinced some differences between various sectors of the littoral
zone, slightly increased concentrations in front of the Danube mouths and in some
coastal areas under anthropogenic pressures (harbors, wastewater discharges)
being generally observed.
In comparison with heavy metals maximum allowed concentrations in shellfish,
recommended by the European legislation, the samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis
investigated in 2010 complied with the allowed values.
(a)
(b)
Evolution of the annual average concentrations of cadmium in seawater (a) and
sediments (b) along the Romanian littoral during 2006-2010
The values of heavy metal concentrations in the marine ecosystem
components were within the variation ranges observed
36
during 2006-2009.
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs)
10000,0
1000,0
100,0
55,0
10,0
1,0
Max.µg/l
2006-2009 average µg/l
Min.µg/l
2010 average µg/l
The downward trend in the
concentrations of total
petroleum hydrocarbons
recorded in the past period,
2006-2009, in water and
sediment, continued in 2010.
trans itional waters
coas tal waters
m arine waters
2400,0
3592,0
2188,7
468,0
494,6
423,6
20,0
15,0
20,5
144,6
55,0
180,1
10000,00
1000,00
499,60
422,50
190,30
TPHs
µg/g
Sediments
• TPHs content in sediments fall in the
range 9.6 - 550.0 g/g, with an average of
112.6 g/g;
• 60% of sediment samples from Sulina Vama Veche showed a load in total
petroleum hydrocarbons <100 g/g.
180,1
144,6
TPHs
µg/l
Transitional, coastal and marine waters
• Low average values (< 200 µg/l) of TPHs
were recorded in all water bodies
compared to 2006-2009, with a minimum
in coastal waters of 55.0 µg/l;
• The average value was 108.1 µg/l,
concentrations varied within the range
17.5 - 651.65 µg/l;
236,30
112,60
100,00
10,00
year
1,00
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
maximum µg/g
6228,00
6770,00
1158,00
696,40
550,00
average µg/g
499,60
422,50
190,30
236,30
112,60
minimum µg/g
15,90
9,60
19,40
28,10
9,60
37
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
(PAHs)
100,000
10,000
1,879
1,000
PAHs
µg/l
Transitional, coastal and marine waters
• In 2010, the average total content of
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in
transitional, coastal and marine waters
was situated in the specific range for
the period 2006-2009;
• The water monitoring of PAHs showed
high concentrations for the following
compounds: anthracene, phenanthrene,
1,075
0,945
0,100
0,010
0,001
0,000
transitional waters
coastal waters
marine waters
15,865
15,869
16,543
2006-2009 mean µg/l
3,479
3,113
3,266
Min.µg/l
0,003
0,001
0,004
2010 Mean µg/l
0,945
1,879
1,075
Max.µg/l
1000,00
100,00
10,00
5,698
PAHs
µg/g
benzo (a) anthracene, crysene;
Sediments
• Total polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons - PAH concentrations in
sediments fall in the range 0.015 2,044 µg/g, with an average of 0.629
g/g; the downward trend recorded in
the past period, 2006-2009, continued
in 2010;
• Sediment monitoring recorded a high
level of pollution for: benzo (a) pyrene,
naphthalene, fenantren, anthracene,
fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene,
benzo (g,h,i) perylene, pyrene, benzo
(a) anthracene.
4,476
3,862
1,800
1,00
0,629
0,10
0,01
0,00
2006
2007
2008
2009
171,41
16,43
61,26
9,32
2,04
mean µg/g
5,698
3,862
4,476
1,800
0,629
minimum µg/g
0,003
0,104
0,223
0,057
0,015
maximum µg/g
2010
86%
dibenzo (a,h) anthracene
14%
64%
benzo (k) fluoranthene
36%
39%
benzo (b) fluoranthene
61%
75%
crysene
25%
68%
fluorene
32%
93%
acenaphthene
7%
100%
acenaphthylene
54%
benzo (a) anthracene
43%
32%
pyrene
3%
64%
4%
79%
benzo (g,h,i) perylene
10%
64%
indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene
32%
fluoranthene
18%
phenanthrene
46%
0%
<0.02 µg/g
10%
20%
25%
36%
21%
40%
43%
benzo (a) pyrene
18%
7%
39%
naphthalene
15%
50%
68%
anthracene
11%
21%
57%
30%
40%
0.02-0,1 µg/g
50%
60%
70%
80%
0,1- 0,7 µg/g
38
90%
100%
ORGANOCHLORINATE PESTICIDES (OCPs)
Transitional, coastal and marine waters
• In 2010, the total organochlorinate
pesticides content -g/l in seawater
varied within the range of 0.00041.807g/l, with an average of 0,2356
g/l;
• Low average values were recorded in all
water bodies, compared to 2006-2009;
Organochlorinate pesticides
µg/l
10,0000
1,0000
0,3978
0,3192
0,2523
0,1000
0,0100
0,0010
transitional waters
coastal waters
marine waters
Max.µg/l
2,5775
2,4457
3,0462
2006-2009 Mean µg/l
0,5062
0,5938
0,7749
Min.µg/l
0,0067
0,0030
0,0260
2010 Mean µg/l
0,2523
0,3978
0,3192
10,00
Sediments
• Sediment monitoring of total
organochlorinate pesticides content -
(g/g) showed that the concentrations
fall within the range of 0.0017 - 0.8355
μg/g, with an average of 0.0925 g/g.
• 70-80% of samples recorded values
<0.0006 g/g.
Organochlorinate pesticides
µg/g
1,00
0,6209
0,4635
0,1744
0,10
0,0925
0,0267
0,01
0,00
YEAR
0,00
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
3,084
1,629
1,289
0,350
0,836
mean µg/g
0,4635
0,6209
0,1744
0,0267
0,0925
minimum µg/g
0,0069
0,0023
0,0021
0,0002
0,0017
maximum µg/g
83%
p,p'DDT
74%
Lindane
There is an obvious decreasing
trend of chlorinate pesticides
concentrations in water and
sediment registered in the past
period, 2006 to 2009, which
continued in 2010, except for the
Sulina - 30 m and Mangalia - 40 m
stations.
17%
26%
71%
HCB
29%
66%
p,p'DDE
34%
67%
Aldrin
29%
86%
Dieldrin
4%
11%
3%
p,p'DDD
89%
9%
2%
Endrin
89%
9%
2%
Heptachlor
89%
0%
10%
<0.0006 µg/g
20%
30%
40%
50%
0.0006-0,01 µg/g
60%
70%
80%
39
90%
0,01- 0,6 µg/g
10%
1%
100%
PHYTOPLANKTON (1)
• 191 phytoplankton species, belonging to 7 algal groups.
• In coastal waters, dinoflagellates were dominant, with 38% of the total
species, followed by diatoms, 37%, and chlorophytes, 11%
The multiannual evolution
of phytoplankton
abundance shows that the
annual average of 2010
(2,6∙106 cel∙l-1) was approx.
2 times higher than the
multiannual average of
2000-2009, nevertheless
well below the densities
recorded in the period of
eutrophication.
Multiannual averages for phytoplankton in marine waters
in the Constanța area between 1983-2010
40
PHYTOPLANKTON (2)
Main phytoplankton species (103 cel·l-1) in the Romanian sector of the
Black Sea waters with significant densities in 2010
Species
Transitional waters
III
Skeletonema costatum
Cyclotella caspia
IX
Coastal waters
III
10640
VII
27160
Marine waters
IX
30360 39540
124
6500
Nitzschia tenuirostris
175
Nitzschia delicatissima
808
III
131.2
18.6
VII
IX
272
282
1440
423.6
Mamaia
298.2
Bay
49440
131
1480
1122
2070
680
1030
Cerataulina pelagica
5400
Thalassionema nitzschioides
223.4
385
Chaetoceros curvisetus
5890
560
Chaetoceros socialis
128.8
550
Glenodinium paululum
430
Scrippsiella trochoidea
340
Carteria sp.
1630
Dactylococcopsis irregularis
266.8
Cryptomonas sp.
1760
Eutreptia lanowii
210
100-1000 x 103 cel∙l-1
1000-10000 x 103 cel∙l-1
>10000 x 103 cel∙l-1
41
ALGAL BLOOMS
• Algal blooms, as impact indicator of eutrophication on the
marine environment, recorded a downward tendency, both as
number and scale, but the number of species developing
over 1 million cel/l was rather high.
• The dominant species were the diatoms Skeletonema
costatum, Cyclotella caspia, Cerataulina pelagica, Nitzschia
tenuirostris,
N.
delicatissima
and
Thallassionema
nitzschioides.
42
PHYTOBENTHOS
•
•
•
•
•
In 2010, 27 macroalgal species were identified (25 species and 2 varieties): 12 Chlorophyta, 4
Phaeophyta, 8 Rhodophyta (and 2 varieties of Ceramium rubrum), 1 Phanerogama.
High wet biomasses were developed by opportunistic species: Ulva lactuca (1,315 g/m2),
Enteromorpha sp. (750 g/m2), Ceramium sp. (1,737 g/m2), Ceramium rubrum (1,400 g/m2).
During the summer of 2010, the genus Cladophora proliferated abundantly.
Cystoseira barbata (perennial brown alga) formed a compact field off Vama Veche, with high wet
biomasses; thick bunches were also identified off Mangalia.
Zostera noltii (dwarf eelgrass) formed a well-developed grassland off Mangalia; in summer, Zostera
flexible thalli were strongly epiphyted by the red alga Acrochaetium thuretii (a microscopic
exclusively epiphyte alga and clean water indicator).
2010
Rhodophyta
Chlorophyta
2009
0
1000
2000
wet weight (g/m
3000
4000
2
)
Average wet weight for the dominant groups along the
Romanian seashore during the summer of 2009 and 2010
A positive trend was maintained from the previous years - the
regeneration of Cystoseira barbata and Zostera noltii, very important
43
species for the marine ecosystem.
ZOOPLANKTON
• The qualitative and quantitative structure of
zooplankton improved in all seasons, showing
an uniform distribution of all 33 identified taxa.
• The nontrophic zooplankton recorded the peak
abundance and biomass in July, on the
Constanța East profile, in the shore area
(242,849 ind./m3 and 21,370 mg/m3, respectively).
• The trophic zooplankton recorded the peak
development values in the shore area of the
southern part of the littoral, on the Eforie South
profile (225,013 ind./m3 and biomass of 5,815
mg/m3).
• Rare species such as Centropages ponticus and
the cladocerans Penilia avirostris, Evadne
spinifera and Pseudevadne tergestine are
continuosly present in the summer and autumn
populations.
• In 2010, the species Oithona brevicornis was
identified for the first time on the Romanian
littoral; this species was previously noticed in
the Black Sea basin by Ukrainian and Russian
researchers.
Oithona brevicornis
44
MACROZOOBENTHOS
60
50 macrozoobenthic species were recorded,
compared to 50-52 species recorded
40
between 2006 and 2010;
30
Quantitative increases of densities evinced in
20
the southern sector (Eforie Sud - Mangalia,
10
6,551 ind/sq.m.
0
Moderate quantitative reduction in the
1990-1993
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
northern sector (Sulina-Portița), about two
Evolution in number of macrozoobenthic
times less than the 2008-2009 period, when
species in coastal waters (Sulina - Vama
the biomass was estimated at 445 g/m2, the
Veche), between 2006 and 2010,
mollusks
contribution
to
increased
compared to 1990
biomasses being reduced in 2010.
For the 2008-2010 period, the results obtained using the metric index (M-AMBI)
characterized a moderate quality status of the investigated water bodies, with a
slight tendency towards a good status, mostly in those marine areas which are less
influenced by pollution/eutrophication, namely in the southern part of the Romanian
littoral.
numar specii
50
The period between 2006 and 2010 showed a slight qualitative
improvement, manifested through increased specific diversity in the
entire marine sector compared to the ’90s, when the benthic fauna45was
represented by a maximum of 28 species.
Contamination Indicators
MICROBIOLOGICAL LOAD
The concentrations of enteric bacteria [total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC),
faecal streptococci (FS) were generally found within the limits of the National
Norms and EC Bathing Water Directive. The values that reflect the level of bathing
seawater faecal pollution.
The areas under the influence of sewage discharge showed the maximum values of
bacterial indicators.
The exceeding norms frequency in some bathing areas (CazinoMamaia and Neptun) was 14% for TC and FC, and 21% for FS, higher in
comparison with 2009 (non observation of sanitary-hygienic norms by
tourists and high values of shallow seawaters temperature during the
heatwave of the summer of 2010).
TC
CF
14%
FS
14%
86%
21%
79%
86%
% exceeding norms
% according to norms
% exceeding norms
% according to norms
% exceeding norms
% according to norms
46
BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS
 The state of biodiversity - defined by the occurrence of 300 species
compared to 200-300 identified yearly in the past 15 years (750 sp.
during the entire period) and 26 endangered sp. from 48 in the Red
List
 The pressure - expressed by 29 non-indigenous sp., 8 commercially
exploited sp. (2 mollusks and 6 fish) and 12 anthropogenic activities
 The impact - assessed by no. of threatened sp./no. of total sp.
identified in 2010 - 26/345, by no. of extinct sp./no. of total sp. - 7/750
and no. of self-acclimatized sp. - 1 (Mugil soiuyi)
 The response - has been estimated by no. of protected sp./no. of
total sp. - 16/750 (EGO 57/2007) and less than 50 experts in marine
biodiversity
 Due to the decrease of marine research effort, only a small no. of
marine species is identified every year; the pressure on marine
biodiversity and the number of endangered species are still relevant.
47
ENDANGERED SPECIES
 The Red List of marine species was entirely updated in
2008 and only for fish in 2009
 It includes 223 species, divided in 8 IUCN categories: 19
macrophytes and angiosperms, 58 invertebrates, 142
fish and 4 mammals
Mammals
2%
Macrophytes
8%
NA
1%
DD
45%
RE
4%
CR
7%
EN
9%
VU
7%
Invertebrates
26%
NT
14%
LC
13%
Fish
64%
48
MARINE HABITATS (1)
The number of marine habitats of European importance (as defined in Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC) was evaluated to 8 general types (1110-Shallow water submerged sand bars, 1130Estuaries, 1140-Sandy and muddy surfaces uncovered at low tides, 1150-Coastal lagoons, 1160-Sea
arms and large shallow gulfs, 1170-Reefs, 1180-Underwater structures generated by gas emissions,
8330-Totally or partially submerged marine caves), with 28 sub-types.
•
•
•
In 2010, we did not develop research
dedicated to marine habitats; some
information were obtained during
underwater explorations made within
other projects. So, in two marine Natura
2000 sites, ROSCI0269 Vama Veche - 2
Mai and ROSCI0094 Underwater sulphur
seeps from Mangalia, habitat mapping
was made in 2010.
In ROSCI0197 Submerged beach from
Eforie North - Eforie South, we
discovered the habitat 1170-Reefs on
about 27% of the site’s area, thing that
was not known at designation time.
In ROSCI0094 Mangalia we discovered
an area of 3.886 sq m covered by subtype 1110-1 Zostera meadows, in
addition to the surface known at
designation, which was, according to
previous measurements, of 988 sq m.
Zostera meadow in ROSCI0094 Mangalia
(photo INCDM)
49
MARINE HABITATS (2)
During the process of evaluation for the marine area of the Black Sea
biogeographic region by experts of the European Commission, in 2010 took
place a biogeographic seminary.
In this context, Romania proposed the
designation of a new site, from the
shoreline to the 45 m isobath,
between the Costinești and 23
August villages.
The aim of this proposal is to protect
some sub-types of 1170-Reef habitat,
including 1170-2-Biogenic reefs with
Mytilus galloprovincialis,
insufficiently covered in current
sites.
Cystoseira near a sulphur seep in
ROSCI0094 Mangalia (photo INCDM)
50
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
ROSCI0269 Danube Delta marine zone (overlapping
on the marine zone of
DDBR - 103.000 ha)
1 SITE UNDER BIRDS DIRECTIVE
ROSCI0237
Methanogenic
Structures from
Sfantu
Gheorghe (cca
6.000 ha)
ROSCI0197 Submerged Beach from Eforie
(140 ha)
ROSCI0273 Marine Zone from Cape Tuzla
(1.790 ha)
ROSCI0094 Mangalia Underwater Sulphur
Seeps (360 ha)
ROSCI0066 Vama Veche - 2 Mai marine
zone: (overlapping on the Marine
Reserve, 5.000 ha)
51
6 SITES UNDER HABITATS DIRECTIVE
MARINE HABITATS MAPPING
52
STATE OF FISH STOCKS
Indicators for living resources (1)
STATE
• stock biomass
sprat - 60,000 t
(2003-2004 / 45,000 t;
2007-2009 / 60,000 t)
turbot - 1,300 t
(2008 /1,400 t,
2009 / 1,200 t);
• intensity of breeding, estimated
relative abundance of sprat eggs,
higher than in 2001 - 2009
• population structure: 25 species
(6 - 7 small-sized species for
industrial fishing)
80
%
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
turbot
sprat
whiting
mullet
goby
anchovy
shark
horse
makerel
red
mullet
2004
2,3
73,7
6,4
0,1
4
7,4
0,1
0,8
2005
1,8
73,4
4,5
1,2
4,6
7,6
0,2
2006
3
78,85
5,8
1
3,5
1,6
2007
12,19
62,29
2,86
0,75
4,38
2008
10,6
52,7
12,4
1,3
2,9
2009
14,74
27,72
12,6
4,15
5,13
caspian
shad
pontic
shad
other
2,3
0,9
2
0,6
1,5
1,6
3
1
1,3
0,3
2,7
0,95
10,42
2,08
1,73
0,22
0,71
1,82
0,55
3,4
2,3
2,6
0,1
0,82
10,7
0,18
6,46
1,31
5,07
0,46
2,16
19,18
1,01
53
Indicators for living resources (2)
PRESSURE
fishing effort (decreasing trend since 2000)
- Stationary :
* 3,691 turbot gill nets
*
23 trap nets
TAC (tons)
Species
*
8 beach seines
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
* 202 longlines
Sprat
10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 3,443
* 1,422 shad gill nets
Whiting
1,000
500
500
500
600
*
41 goby gill nets
* 187 mullet gill nets
Anchovy
* 171 dogfish gill nets
Gobies
100
200
100
100
- Active :
Turbot
50
50
50
50
43.2
* 1 operational coastal
Dogfish
50
50
50
50
50
trawler
* 1 pelagic trawler
Total Catch (decreasing trend since 2000) - 258 t (257 t + 1 t)
54
Total Admissible Catch (TAC) - 2006-2010
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (1)
Regional cooperation
In NIMRD “Grigore Antipa”, 5 national focal
points are operational within the Advisory
Groups of the Black Sea Commission in the
following domains:
- Environmental Aspects of the Management
of Fisheries and other Marine Living
Resources
- Conservation of Biological Diversity
- Pollution Monitoring and Assessment
- Development of Common Methodologies for
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
- Control of Pollution from Land Based
Sources
55
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT (2)
Relevant projects to implement sustainable development in the coastal zone, conducted in
2010
National Projects
•
NUCLEUS Program 2009 - 2011: 8 projects
•
NP RD II: 4 projects
•
Urban Area Plan - Coastal Zone, the southern sector - Cape Midia - Vama Veche: 2010 2011
•
SOP Priority Axis 4 - “Services to prepare and review management plans“. SEAP CODE
103209 / 03.07.2010: 2010-2011
•
SOP Priority Axis 5 - Implementation of the appropriate structure of natural risk
prevention in most vulnerable areas / Key Area of ​Intervention 2 - Reducing coastal
erosion: 2010-2011
•
SOP - EEC, Axis 2, O.2.2.1 - “Increasing R&D capacity by modernizing nuclear techniques
for the environment and water resources“ - TENUME
•
SOP - EEC, Axis 2, O.2.2.4 - “Increasing NIMRD’s operational capacity through improved
administrative management and network communication infrastructure“ - MADICO
•
The National Fishery Data Collection / NAFA-DG Mare, 2009 - 2013
56
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT (3)
International Projects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CE/PC6: European coastal shelf sea operational
observing and forecasting system (ECOOP), 2007
- 2010;
CE/Development and pre-operational validation of
upgraded GMES Marine Care Services and
Capabilities (MyOcean), 2009 - 2011;
NATO: Bio-optical characteristies of the Black
Sea, 2009 - 2011;
CE/PC6: Upgrade Black Sea Scene (UBSS), 2009 2011;
CE/PC6: Pan-European infrastructure for
Ocean&Marine Data Management (SEADATANET),
2006 - 2011;
CE/PC6: Southern European seas: Assessing and
modeling ecosystem changes (SESAME), 2006 2010;
CE/PC7: Scientific and technologic collaboration
for the study of sea-level changes and vertical
crustal movements at the Western Black Sea
(EMODNET), 2009 - 2011;
CE/PC7: Options for delivering ecosystem-based
marine management (ODEMM) 2010 – 2013.
57
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT (4)
Scientific and public
participation
On October 29th 2010, NIMRD
“Grigore Antipa“organized the
National Jubilee Symposium with
International Participation,
dedicated to the 40th anniversary
of the Romanian Marine Research
Institute Constanța and to the
International Black Sea Day,
under the auspices of the
Romanian National Committee of
Oceanography (RNCO UNESCO)
58
ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES (1)
The key environmental issues identified in 2010, in the Romanian coastal zone, induced
by anthropogenic factors, are:
- Coastal erosion/Sediments dynamics at the mouths of the Danube (closing/clogging of the Musura
Bay);
- Periodical, uncontrolled breaking of the littoral belt during unpredictable storms (the Chituc Levee eastern shore);
- Implementation of solutions for protection against beach erosion (deposits of plastic/geotextile
encasings on the beaches);
- Sea water penetration into coastal aquifers (the former Costinești Lake area);
- Natural resources/sand extraction from the beach (the Mamaia, Eforie Nord, Mangalia areas);
- Water/air pollution with solid wastes from diffuse sources;
- Excessive exploitation of valuable fish stocks, such as shad, horse mackerel, gray mullet, blue fish,
turbot etc.
- Habitat loss and species endangerment - seaboard protection coastal constructions (the Eforie
North and South, Tuzla, Costinești, Tatlageac, Olimp areas); coastal habitats clogging by the the
turbidity field occurring near worksites, containing fine cliff material/ terra rosa);
- Demographic congestion of population in the coastal area, during summer season;
- Urban development/covering the beach area with buildings (the Mamaia area);
- Uncontrolled development of tourist constructions and tourism and leisure activities beyond the
endurance capacity of the environment in certain limited areas;
ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES (2)
The research carried out emphasized the main
environmental impact conditions:
•The greater frequency and intensity of extreme
meteorological phenomena (storms, tempests,
tornados) - action of sand scattering winds on the
beaches, action of the extremely violent waves
during storms;
•The high content of biogenic substances,
accumulated in time in the water and the degraded
substrate, speeding up the eutrophication of coastal
waters, lakes and ponds, explosive algal blooms,
with negative consequences on the oxygen levels,
water transparency, typical biodiversity;
•High anthropogenic ecologic pressure, caused by
the geographic situation and the influence of various
activities, such as uncontrolled farming,
zootechnical, food, chemical and petrochemical
wastes, construction, shipping, tourism, leisure and
balneary treatment wastes.
60
MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING
process of analysis and allocation of spatial and temporal
distribution of activities in the Romanian marine area
Three case studies were developed in 2010 in the northern part of the Romanian
coast, considered a complex area in terms of MSP, under direct and double
influence of continental and marine factors.
Case 1. Sulina - Musura Bay area
Case 2. Sinoe Lagoon - Chituc Levee area and their related maritime space
Case 3. Maritime activities in the Periboina, Edighiol, Corbu - Midia-Năvodari
industrial sector - Mamaia Sat, Taşaul-Corbu Lakes area (Natura 2000 site/ROSPA
0060)
Sulina Channel
Sulina
area
Black
Sea
61
CONCLUSIONS (1)
• The state and trends in the Romanian marine and coastal environment
were monitored in 2010 in terms of physical, chemical and biological
parameters, compared to the reference period of the '60s or more recent
data.
• The state of the marine and coastal environment in 2010 confirms the
general trend of slight improvement in the parameters mentioned and the
state of convalescence of the ecosystem.
62
CONCLUSIONS (2)
• To protect and conserve
marine biodiversity, the
coherent network of
marine protected areas,
national and of European
interest, was developed in
2010, by new proposals
and allocating the custody
of most existing ones.
• The synthesis of the data
for 2010, compared to the
historical data on the state
and evolution of the
Romanian coastal
environment, is contributing
to the “Report on the
Environmental Factors
State of Romania“
63
Please contact us:
National Institute for Marine Research and Development
NIMRD “Grigore Antipa” Constanța
Romania, RO-900581 Constanța CT-03, 300 Mamaia Blvd.
e-mail: [email protected]
web: http://www.rmri.ro/
Thank you for your attention!
64