Transcript a NOAA Fisheries perspective

Acoustic Tracking and Marine
Resource Management: a
NOAA Fisheries Perspective
Churchill Grimes and Steve Lindley
Fisheries Ecology Division
Southwest Fisheries Science Center
Santa Cruz, CA
Legal Authorities
•MSA
•MMPA
•ESA
Northern California Current food web
Field et al. 2006. Prog Oceanogr 68: 238
Ecosystem-Based Management
Large Marine Ecosystems
…XI-XV
How to Implement
Ecosystem-Based
Management
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
IOOS
The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a “user-driven”, integrated system of
observations and data telemetry, data management and communications (DMAC), and data
analysis and modeling that routinely, reliably, and continuously provides data and information to
address 7 societal goals (support EBM). IOOS consists of regional observing systems and a
national backbone observing system.
An Ecosystem Observing Package
Core Observations
•mostly ship-based
•limited spatial and temporal
resolution
•electronic tagging/tracking is
compatible and can provide high
resolution biological data
acoustic curtains
Conceptual Model of IOOS
satellites
aircraft
coastal radar
ships
moored buoys
LIDAR and hyperspectral
AUVs and gliders
hyroacoutics
cabled observatories
electronic tracking?
Electronic tags can provide high resolution biological data
like moorings, etc. offer for physical data
Wildlife Computer Mk10 PAT
Popup Archival Transmitting
Satellite Tag - TOPP
•Archival and satellite tagging of large pelagics
has demonstrated the potential of electronic
tagging, and acoustic tagging has similar
potential for smaller species
•Acoustic tags report identity of tagged animal
to data logging hydrophone (receiver) when
animals come in range
Lotek Geolocating
Archival Tags
VEMCO R-code
Acoustic Tags
V9 - 2y program
V9 - >4 mo life
POST salmon smolt
V7 - >4 mo life
V6 - pre-production
same scale
Acoustic Curtain
POST- acoustic technology
Data-logging hydrophones
What science can electronic tracking
address?
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Migratory behavior
Adult distribution and dispersal
Reproductive movement and aggregation
Ontogenetic movements
Stock structure and connectivity
Habitat utilization, e.g., hotspots, critical habitat and
restoration effectiveness
• Spatial interactions among species
• Links to environmental variation and climate change
• Demographics, e.g., survival and migration rates
Recent Acoustic Tagging Results
•Acoustic tagging results superior and
show higher survival (POST- D. Welch)
PIT vs POST Acoustic SurvivalDworshak Spring Chinook
100
90
80
70
Survival (%)
•Survival of juvenile Chinook salmon as
they migrate down the Columbia River to
the sea. Colored lines from PIT tag
releases and black lines are acoustic
tagged fish.
60
50
40
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10
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Distance from Release Site (km)
Skagit River
Willapa Bay
(960 kms)
•Migration of acoustic tagged Puget
Sound bull trout through the
Skagit River in 2003-2005 revealed
previously unknown utilization of
marine waters (F. Goetz)
Seattle
Green Sturgeon Tracking
Rogue R., OR
Willapa Bay, WA
Brooks
Brooks
Juan de Fuca
Juan de Fuca
Cape Eliz.
Cape Eliz.
Willapa Bay
Willapa Bay
Columbia
Columbia
Seal Rock
Seal Rock
Umpqua
Umpqua
Coos
Coos
Coquille
Coquille
Rogue
Rogue
Klamath
Klamath
Golden Gate
Golden Gate
Moss Landing
Moss Landing
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10 11 12
13 14 15
Month
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19 20 21
22 23 24
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10 11 12
13 14 15
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19 20 21
22 23 24
Month
•Movement of acoustic tagged green
sturgeon in Rouge River, OR and Willipa
Bay, WA revealed extensive and
previously unknown migrations
•Gray bars indicate locations of
acoustic receivers and yellow the
presence of green sturgeon (S. Lindley)
Challenges- Ideal System Design
A large scale
system might
consist of:
•planned
•existing
•Cross-shelf lines
forming acoustic
curtains along
migration routes
•Arrays of
receivers around
features of
interest, e.g., MPAs
and seamounts
•Opportunistic
location on
oceanographic
moorings and
cabled
observatories
Challenges- Data Management and
Analysis
Data Management
•Useful data are produced when tags are detected by a receiver
•Data ownership is a significant outstanding issue in the acoustic
telemetry community
•Data management is a major component of IOOS plans, and the IOOS
frame work is well suited to turning raw detections into useful science
Data Analysis
•Compared to satellite tracking data, map-based analysis of acoustic
tracking data is of limited use
•More effective use of acoustic tagging data will require advances in
data analysis and presentation
•A promising approach is to use mark-recapture models to estimate
survival and migration rates
Summary
• IOOS is NOAAs approach to implementing ecosystem- based
management of ocean resources, and acoustic tracking is a logical and
valuable component of such an observing system
• Acoustic tracking data can be used to answer important science
questions about living ocean resources, e.g., migration, distribution,
stock structure and connectivity, habitat utilization and survival and
migration rates
• Optimal acoustic observing system design would incorporate crossshelf acoustic curtains along migration routes, high spatial-resolution
arrays around important features (e.g., MPAs and sea mounts) and
opportunistic location on deepwater moorings and cabled observatories
• The IOOS frame work is well suited to turning raw detections into
useful science, and for addressing data ownership which is a significant
outstanding issue in the acoustic telemetry community
• Most effective use of acoustic tracking data will require advances
beyond simple map-based analysis to more advanced data analysis and
presentation, e.g., application of mark-recapture methods
Some Fishes of the CCLME Amenable
to OTN