Transcript Ethnic violence

ETHNIC VIOLENCE
By: Caitlin Fahey and Christina Reszel
Definition
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Ethnic violence (also known as ethnic terrorism or
ethnically-motivated terrorism) refers to violence
that is predominantly framed rhetorically by causes
and issues related to ethnic hatred, though ethnic
violence is more commonly related to political
violence
Rwanda Conflict
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Tutsi (minority), who had controlled power for centuries
against Hutu (majority) who had come to power in the
rebellion of 1959–62 and overthrown the Tutsi monarchy.
Tutsi group called RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) tried to
overthrow the Hutu gov.
Hutus set out to systematically kill all Tutsi they could find,
any age or sex
also killing any moderate Hutus
UN created a safe zone for Hutus in southwest
millions of moderate Hutus went to Zaire
Rwanda Cont.
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1994 mass murder
800,000-1.1million
about 20% of the population killed
still struggles but operating as a democracy.
2 million Hutus that helped fled thinking Tutsi would come back
for them
RPF won and created coalition gov. so all sides are part of
the gov.
Cambodia
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1975-1979
Prince Sihanouk got communists to form the khmer
Rouge (1960)
Lon Nol overthrew prince Sihanouk (1970)?
1975 Lon Nol was beaten by Khmer Rouge(pol pot=
leader replacing Sihanouk)
156,000 dead
Pol Pot tried to make country communist
People thrown out to have land for collective farms
Cambodia Cont.
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People refusing to leave were killed
Minorities (Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, and any
Cambodians with thoughs ancestors) were killed
1978 Vietnam overthrew the Khmer rouge
By 1989 Cambodia was back to self-charge
Prince Sihanouk was re-elected to lead new
government
Bosnia
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Yugoslavia was a country with many different areas.
Bosnia Was one area within Yugoslavia.
1980 Yugoslavian president Tito died. He had been
communist.
Different part of Yugo wanted to be independent.
Serbia became powerful; leader was Slobodan
Milosevic.
Croatia and Slovenia did become independent.
Milosevic wanted Bosnia to stay a part of Serbia, so
did the Serbians living in Bosnia.
Bosnia Cont.
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1995 he started fighting in a section of Bosnia called
Srebrenica ; “ethnic cleansing” ( a nicer word for genocide).
U.N. tried to help, sent Dutch soldiers who set up a compound.
Serbians started attacking, 6,000 Bosnians came inside;
20,000 more waiting outside
7,500 men and boys over 13 years old were killed.
Late 1995 peace negotiations happened; separate countries
named.
The Serbian project in Bosnia had brought about a huge
internal displacement of the population from which the people
have not yet recovered
Sudan
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1962 - Civil war begins in the south- cause’s unrest for MANY years
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Omar Hassan al-Bashir came to power in 1989 - overthrew the Gov.
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Introduced the Islamic Sharia law
2004 January - rebel uprising in western region of Darfur
pro-government Arab Janjaweed militias are carrying out the killing of
non-Arab villagers in Darfur. – Genocide
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2005 January - Government and southern rebels sign a peace deal
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2006- Fighting continued
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2011 July - South Sudan gains independence.
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2012 April - Sudanese warplanes raid the Bentiu area in South Sudan.
Sudan Cont.
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The state/ Gov. controls the media – one sided
propaganda
Many refugees have fled to Chad and are living in
refugee camps
Omar Hassan al-Bashir - two international arrest
warrants - issued by the International Criminal Court
in The Hague - on charges of genocide, war crimes
and crimes against humanity
Palestine
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Zionist(for the reestablishment and the development
and protection of a Jewish nation) are ethnically
cleansing against Arabs
1947 – Opinion that Arabs should be transferred out
of Palestine
Wanted to establish a Jewish state
Palestinian Arab model of incessant terrorism for
almost one hundred years
Palestine Cont.
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Civil War -->pervasive anti-Jewish, destruction of
Jewish property, sporadic outbreaks of violence, and
massacres were ongoing events
Propaganda for ethnic cleansing: in many books
estimated 6.4 million Palestinian refugees living in
dirty refugee camps- Lebanon, Jordan, Arab
countries
1948 Israeli War of Independence when 800,000
Arabs either fled for their safety or were forced out
of their homes by Israeli forces
Kenya
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Started in 2007 after a presidential election
episodes of violence - the burning of a church with women and
children inside
occurred in mostly Kalenjin and Isiolo areas .
trying to balkanize (divide a territory into small, hostile states)
the country along ethnic lines
The death toll stood at more than 1,000, with much of the
fighting, like the voting, along ethnic lines.
Kenya Cont.
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one of the most corrupt, deeply entrenched political
systems on the continent.
1,100 people are believed to have been killed in
organized attacks and more than 300,000 were
driven from their homes or fled in the violence
Four important Kenyans two of them presidential
candidates, were ordered to stand trial at the
International Criminal Court in The Hague on
charges of crimes against humanity
Summary
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Refugees can be forced to leave
Feel the need to escape for safety
"Internally Displaced Persons" who are not
officially refugees because they have not left their
own country
No place to go
Works Cited
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"M.EP. - Expulsions and Population Transfers to Solve Ethnic Conflict." M.EP. Expulsions and Population Transfers to Solve Ethnic Conflict. Web. 13 May
2012. <http://www.middleeastpiece.com/expulsion_tool.html>.
"Refugees." About.com Geography. Web. 13 May 2012.
<http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/refugees.ht
m>.
"Sudan Profile." BBC News. BBC, 05 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 May 2012.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094995>.