Transcript World War I 1914

World War I
1914-1918
The War to End
All Wars
I. Causes and Early Action
A. Long Range Causes
1. Nationalism-feeling of intense
pride in your nation
2. Imperialism-desire for a large
empire
3. Alliances-European powers
formed these to prevent war
4. Militarism-stockpiling of
armaments for war
Europe in World War I
I. Causes and Early Action
B. Immediate Cause
*Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary assassinated by a
Serbian terrorist.
This set off a chain
reaction in which
almost all of
Europe became
involved.
I. Causes and Early Action
C. War in Europe
1. Germany invaded
neutral Belgium
to get to France.
2. German advance stopped before
they reached Paris.
Stalemate developed.
I. Causes and Early Action
D. New Technology and New Warfare
1. Trench Warfare in northern
France
Trench Warfare
I. Causes and Early Action
D. New Technology and New Warfare
2. Chemical Warfarechlorine and
mustard gas
I. Causes and Early Action
D. New Technology and New Warfare
3. Tanks and Airplanes used but
neither was perfected yet.
I. Causes and Early Action
D. New Technology
and
New
Warfare
Lusitania
4. Submarine Warfare-Germans
used U-Boats against the Allied
blockade, declaring an
unrestricted submarine warfare
zone.
*Lusitania-British liner was sunk
May 7, 1915-128 American lives lost.
I. Causes and Early Action
E. American Neutrality
Woodrow Wilson-tried to
keep U.S. neutral,
using the slogan
"He kept us out of War."
-U.S. traded with both sides but the Allied
naval blockade interfered.
I. Causes and Early Action
E. American Neutrality
2 Reasons for the U.S. Entry into the War:
(1) Sinking of the Lusitania
(2) Zimmerman Note-telegram
intercepted from Germany to Mexico in
which the Germans were trying to ally
with Mexico to declare war on the U.S.
and regain Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona.
I. Causes and Early Action
Along with widespread propaganda, these
events led to a strong anti-German
feeling.
Propaganda: Advertising, music, posters,
commercials, film, etc. that try to
convince you of something specific. Both
sides used these tools to show their
citizens that they should support the War
effort.
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda
II. America Enters the War
A. Military Increases
U.S. only had 200,000 men already in
service.
Congress passed the Selective
Service Act, creating the draft.
2.4 million registered, 2 million were
drafted and served.
II. America Enters the War
B. On the Homefront
1. Industry-mass production encouraged,
wages increased, women entered
workforce.
Agencies created: War Industries Board,
Railway Administration, Fuel Admin.
II. America Enters the War
B. On the Homefront
2. Food-Food Administration led by
Herbert Hoover encouraged
conservation of wheat & meat.
Americans contributed by growing
"victory gardens."
3. Economy-War bonds were sold to help
finance the war. War cost $33 billion.
The average American adult lent $400
to the government.
II. America Enters the War
B. On the Homefront
4. Great Witch Hunt-Everything German
and disloyal was attacked. Congress
passed the Espionage and Sedition
Acts 1917-1918-No one could speak or
act disloyal in any way.
(Just like the Alien and Sedition Acts of
1798, they violated 1st Amendment
rights.)
1500 people convicted-many Socialists.
II. America Enters the War
B. On the Homefront
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Charles Schenck, a Socialist, was
arrested for printed and distributing
information in opposition to the draft.
Supreme Court ruled that this type of
speech was not protected because it
was encouraging insubordination.
II. America Enters the War
B. On the Homefront
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said:
"The question in every case is whether the
words used are used in such circumstances
and are of such a nature as to create a clear
and present danger that they will bring about
the substantive evils that Congress has a
right to prevent."
III. War Ends in Europe
*Russia withdrew after Communist
Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin
in 1917.
A. U.S. Contributions
1. Mainly a shift in momentum to the
Allies
2. Navy helped to strengthen the
blockade and aided the Allied convoy
system.
III. War Ends in Europe
A. U.S. Contributions
3. Army-John J. Pershing led
U.S. forces under Marshall
Ferdinand Foch
American losses=48,000 in
battle & 56,000 to
disease.
4. Air Combat-Eddie
Rickenbacker became
American Ace
III. War Ends in Europe
B. Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
(1) No secret treaties
(2) Freedom of the Seas
(3) Remove Economic barriers
(4) Arms reduction
(5) New colonial policy
8 points on new boundaries
(14) Establishment of a League of
Nations to keep world peace
C. Treaty of Versailles
Big Four
Woodrow Wilson (US) Vittorio Orlando(Italy)
David Lloyd George (Britain)
Georges Clemenceau (France)
C. Treaty of Versailles
Provisions:
Mandates (new lands) given to France
and Britain
New nations created: Czechoslovakia,
Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania) Poland, Yugoslavia, Finland.
Reparations: Germany owed $? billion
for damages
C. Treaty of Versailles
Weaknesses:
(1) German resistance to the war-guilt
clause
(2) Russia excluded and lost territory
(3) Southeast Asian problems
ignored
C. Treaty of Versailles
D. U.S. Opposition to the Treaty
1. Isolationists feared the League of
Nations threatened individual
authority.
2. Wilson went on an 8,000 mile
speech tour defending the treaty
that left him partially paralyzed
after a stroke.
*Treaty was never ratified and the U.S.
never joined the League of Nations.