Transcript Document

Home: to re-stucture the cable
1) Problem (current stage, personalities, and how
the bill can change the past position of the
VOA)
2) Action
No footnotes
1 page
Cables (information letters): the expert
information must be more profound
1) HR 4490 – a question for an expert:
1) Does the Bill revise the ideological and political
foundation for the U.S. informational activities?
Or
2) Does the Bill revise the agencies, the staff, and etc.
and exploit the context as the premise for the
reform ?
1) If the 1, it is a RED FLAG for Russia
2) If the 2, there are no worries
The answer is to compare the official
documents:
the
Bill
and
the
Act
of
1994
Laura +:
162 US Intl Broadcasting, 1994 RL. 103-236) Sec. 303
would enhance the promotion of information and ideas, while advancing the goals of
United States foreign
policy.
SEC. 303[3] STANDARDS AND PRINCIPLES.
(a) BROADCASTING STANDARDS.-United States international broadcasting shall(1) be consistent with the broad foreign policy objectives of the United States - A;
(2) VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. VOA news
will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive - B.
(2) VOA will represent America, not any single segment of American society, and will
therefore present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American
thought and institutions -A.
(3) VOA will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively, and will also
present responsible discussions and opinion on these policies -B.
+ semi-private BBG-B
The textual analysis: the most simple mode
- To weight A position and B position
- the number of the sentences referred to the
foreign policy and the number of the sentences
referred to the “objective information”
Conclusion: administrative reform in the context of
the containment of Russia
Monitor the bill
DISSECTION (THE TEXTUAL
ANALYSIS) IN EXPERTS’ PAPERS
Dissection
D. is the textual analysis of official documents in
order to define the previous position of (states)
and make a conclusion about its revision.
Aim of the analysis is to find the legitimate
foundations to change smth.
INFORMAL MEETING OF THE NATO-RUSSIA COUNCIL AT THE LEVEL OF
FOREIGN MINISTERS NATO HEADQUARTERS, BRUSSELS FRIDAY, 2 APRIL
2004
STATEMENT (1)
683-03-04-2004
On 2 April 2004, Foreign Ministers of the NATO-Russia (2) Council (NRC) met in Brussels
for the first time in an enlarged format "at 27".
Ministers welcomed (5) the participation of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania,
Slovenia and Slovakia. (3)
They reiterated the adherence of all NRC member states to the goals, principles and
commitments contained in the Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Co-operation and
Security, and in the Rome Declaration (6), as well as in past decisions taken in the NRC
framework.
Ministers reaffirmed the 4 June 2003 Statement agreed by NRC Foreign Ministers in
Madrid (6), and they recalled NATO's position on providing political assurances of
restraint.
They also reaffirmed adherence to the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (6)
(CFE) as a cornerstone of European security, and those NRC members who are States
Parties to the Treaty reaffirmed their determination to fulfill the commitments reflected
in the Final Act of the 1999 Conference of the States Parties to the CFE Treaty.
Calling upon all CFE States Parties to promote achievement of this shared goal, the NRC
agreed to continue to work co-operatively toward ratification by all the States Parties
and entry into force of the Agreement on Adaptation of the CFE Treaty (4), which
would permit accession by non-CFE states.
Ministers welcomed the approach of the four non-CFE member states of the NRC, who
have stated their intention to request accession (5)to the adapted CFE Treaty (3) upon its
entry into force, and agreed that their accession would provide an important additional
10 steps of dissection
) contextualization:
t is a reconstruction of relevant events happened around the
documents:
when, who, why
he document: “Statement by Russian Minister of FA about informal
meeting of the NATO-Russia Council…., 2 April 2004:
text
10 steps of dissection: contextualization
why the document was issued?
t was the result of the meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the NATORussia Council on the next day in Brussels.
dissection: the form of document
) The form is the type of diplomatic document (treaty,
conventions, agreements):

Why was this form selected by a diplomats?
– The form is the Statement is to emphasize the concerns of
Russia, to clear the existing problem.
dissection: the actors of the document
) Actors – those who participated in the event (in its final
stage) and signed the document.
n the Statement:
.. Foreign Ministers of the NATO, Russia…”
dissection: the paternity
) Paternity is the authorship of the main articles or clause in the
document:
We must attribute each clause to the participating sides >>
– Which clauses are country A’s and which are country B's?
– Which clauses are against country A and which are against
country B?
– Help from Mass-Media (Briefings)
The document:
NATO’s “pressure”:
“..Ministers welcomed the participation of Bulgaria, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia…”
dissection: the balance of interest
) Balance of interest is a rough estimation of which of
countries got the better deal:

From the group of clauses tagged "A" or "B" for each party it will
be possible to examine:

which interests of each country are covered

Which states got more for their national security
The Document:
Russia was compelled to recognize the fact of NATO enlargement
and, however, gained that “… NATO-Russia Council agreed
to continue to work co-operatively toward ratification by all
the States Parties and entry into force of the Agreement on
dissection: Trade-Offs
) Trade-offs (swap) is the examination to what extent
ne country will have concede more rights to the other in
one area of the agreement in order to gain more positions
in another sector which is more important in the national
interest;

Can be found in the document or more often in media like
press-conferences of participants.
The document:
Russia welcomed the participation of new member in NATO,
but in exchange Russia has got assurance that new
dissection: Supporting disciplines
) Supporting disciplines – are there references or
links to previous agreements or international
acts in the document?

aim is to examine the particular country's claims
presented with the support of international law and
previous agreements;

“respectable” documents have the links to the
previous documents
The document:
There is the indication without link to the full text and
without additional information:
“…Rome Declaration….the 4 June 2003 Statement in
Madrid….Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in
Europe…” symbolize the hasty and emergent environment
dissection: Media Coverage
) Media Coverage is the deep analysis of

Interviews, press-conferences, statements of the
participants

General coverage of the event in newspapers of each
respective countries >>

Additional information for the “balance of interests”,
“contextualization” and others.
Document:
Interviews with Lavrov:
– Russia needs guarantees that nuclear weapons….will
not be deployed there and that no large troop
contingents…. will be stationed there on a permanent
basis…that the Baltic states will reaffirm about their
adaptation of the Treaty …These circumstances
The importance of mass-media analysis: the true concerns
1)
press-conference of Lavrov about the Brussels meeting:
“…We expressed our serious concern to the partners over the fact that
the present NATO enlargement has occurred out of the Treaty
context, since four of the entrant countries are not parties to it;
…we need guarantees in the first place that the four nonparties to the
Treaty who have entered into NATO will join it as soon as this
becomes possible…;
…Question: Did you receive guarantees from the four countries which
are not parties to the CFE Treaty regarding their subsequent
accession to the treaty?
Answer: I did not say that we had received guarantees regarding the
accession of the four countries to the CFE Treaty. (back)
The meaning of mass-media-analysis
he statement of NATO Secretary-General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer
after meeting with Putin, April 8, 2004 in Moscow:
…I can understand the Russian reaction to the expansion of NATO,
and why ordinary citizens ask what this will lead to. I can understand
this. I want to stress that a great deal of work lies before us in public
diplomacy, to assure everyone that neither old or new NATO
members have any intention to station significant numbers of troops
on their territories….” (back)
The meaning of mass-media-analysis (the trade-offs,
balance of interests)
avrov told on the press-conference about the Brussels
meeting:
…The Adaptation of the CFE Treaty is a binding document. Russia
assumed obligations regarding the withdrawal of our military
equipment from Moldova and concerning negotiation with Georgia
on the questions of the procedure and timeframe for the withdrawal
of the military bases from there…”
The meaning of mass-media-analysis (diplomatic trail)
avrov told on the press-conference about the Brussels
meeting:
…never favored NATO's expansion. As before, our attitude towards
the expansion is negative. But we are not making a tragedy of this.
We take the NATO expansion as a given, because at this moment
the philosophy of NATO so far has not changed. But we did not
welcome a single wave of enlargement.. (back)
dissection: Diplomatic Trail
) Diplomatic trail is the reconstruction of the original
motivations and factors influenced on the creation of the
document and the causes.

It is possible to do if you have access to the drafting-process or
look for additional information from Mass-media.
Document:
Russia was the initiator of the document to demonstrate the
concerns and to make the NATO to recognize her concerns.
Russia of course officially welcomed the new members but it
could happen and without Russia’ recognition.
dissection: Diplomatic Lever
) Diplomatic lever is an evaluation of the pressure to get
the diplomatic process started

It is possible to conclude if you have access to the
diplomatic information;

Or through mass-media
Document:
Russia started the process of talks through mass-media
diplomacy and gained the meeting.
Russia demanded the Joint communiqué or even convention but
failed.
dissection: Partners, allies, opponents?
0) Is it possible to conclude that the sides become more
closer to each other?

Joint press-conferences or unilateral activity

Form of document

Balance of interests and ets
Document:
Unilateral activities
It is clear that NATO and Russia try to tolerate each other
Practice: Minsk Protocol, 2014
1) Define the actors
2) Define the form:
1) Protocol – an compulsory diplomatic document to
fix a temporal position
3) Define and tag the “authorship” of each clause
4) Define the “trade”
At home: protocol
0) contest
1)Form
2)Actors
3)Balance
4)Trade-off
5)Mass-media (before and past statement)
6)Status of the relationship
A paper to be sent
Looking for propaganda in massmedia (Propaganda analysis)
The goals of propaganda directed at groups in the
opponent's country:
1) to deprive (effect of deprivation) the society
2) to indulge pliable groups
The means to achieve these
goals through propaganda (the
indicators of it)
1) surprise effect is a new info about forthcoming
event
2) demoralization effect is to present info about
forthcoming event confidently (experts are
invited to do), in details, and in terns of the
powerlessness of the opponent
3) loss of confidence effect is to criticize an
opponent's government so strong in order to
reduce the audience's confidence in efficacy of
possible countermeasures by its own leaders
The means to achieve these goals
through propaganda (the
indicators of it)
4) to maximize disruptive effects among members
of opposing elite, and between the elite and the
masses (audience), and not let them to be
united against you
5) to give prior moralization justification of your
actions
6) to encourage opponent's experts to make
overoptimistic reaction to the event which is
bound to subsequent disollusionist.