Transcript 08-modern energy effocient hill buildings examples

ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE-
HILL BUILDINGS OF INDIA
By:
Ar. ANOOP SHARMA
ASTT PROF; DOALD
SMVDU
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Constraints For Development On Hills
1. slope
2. Hydrology
3. Geology
4. Vegetation
Concerns Guiding The Development
1. Grading
2. Erosion Control
3. Climatic Aspects
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Grading Controls
•Differing street widths to minimize
the site development costs and
maintain the character of the site
•Finished grading should mimic
the original terrain.
•Roads should be parallel to the
contours and Buildings should be
located on the flatter area of the
site.
HILL SIDE DEVELOPMENT
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Slope Controls:
•Slopes that are to be mowed down
should not exceed 3:1 slope
•New cut and fills should not exceed
2:1
•On steeper slopes that exceed 15’
in ht., a reverse bench should be
designed to collect the run off and
convey it to a stabilized outlet
REVERSE BENCH
•Slope 5:1
REVERSE BENCH DETAIL
Major Hill Buildings Of India
•New slopes that are to be
reseeded should be graded in a
manner that is conducive to the
establishment of new plants.
•This requires the surface to be
roughened to create micro sitesslope is roughened or tracked
•Vegetative buffers need to be
created.
ROUGHENED SURFACE
Major Hill Buildings Of India
SLOPE FAILURE CAUSED
BY REGARDNG A SLOPE
SO THAT ITS STEEPER
SLOPE FAILURE CAUSED BY AN INCREASED
LOAD ON TOP WHICH COMPRESSES THE
UNDERLYING MATERAIL
INCREASED LOAD ON
TOP SOIL AND WATER
SATURATION BELOW
SLOPE
Major Hill Buildings Of India
CAISSON AND SOIL BUTTRESS
DRY LAID STONE WALL
Major Hill Buildings Of India
SLOPE STABILIZATION USING
ROCK BUTTRESS DEATIL
GABION RETAINING WALL
DEATIL
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Ledeg(Ladakh Ecological Development
Group) Trainee's hostel
Location: Ledeg’s Chans’pa Centre ,
Leh
Introduction:
Ledeg Trainee's hostel
•The LEDeG hostel provides sleeping accommodation for 24
persons with toilet , laundry and study facilities all integrated into
the building.
•The hostel is two storey with 12 double Bedrooms and ancillary
spaces.
Major Hill Buildings Of India
•Sustainable Design:
•Traditional Techniques have been
modified and adapted for use in
the building .
•The load bearing walls of the
ground floor are made in rubble
masonry with mud mortar.
•The upper floor uses load bearing sun dried mud bricks
(adobe) in mud mortar
•Partition walls executed in adobe.
Major Hill Buildings Of India
•Sustainable Design:
•The intermediate floors and roof s
are timber framed , with poplar wood
joists covered by twigs, grass and
earth
•A small slope has been given to the flat roof so as not to
create sag in the middle.
South orientation: the building is oriented south , every
habitable room has south exposure.
•Only corridors, toilets and staircases are without direct south
orientation.
Major Hill Buildings Of India
P
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•The 12 bed rooms and the laundry and study rooms all have
large south exposure for winter heat gain with no overhang.
•All winter heating has been met by south exposure.
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Solarium:
• the centre of the building is a south
approached air-locked entrance leading
to the study room.
•These spaces are used at daytime only
, they are heated by south glazing tilted
at 60 degree to the horizontal.
•The directly gained solar heat is stored
in mass of the building and the warmth
can remain few hours after sundown.
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Trombe wall:
•The bedrooms have been
provided with a mix of
windows and glazed walls.
•Some of these are trombe
wall design with vents for
convective loop formation
•These mass walls are made
of rubble (ground floor) and
adobe (first floor).
Major Hill Buildings Of India
Insulation and mass:
Weather Stripping
•The thick earth in walls and
roof provide insulation and
mass.
All openings have cork weather
strips at the edges to seal them
tight.
Absorbing Finish:
Solar Hot water :
•The south walls are painted
black to provide better
heating. This color along
with maroon, has been used
to embellish all openings.
A flat plane Thermosiphonic
collector system is provided on the
roof of the building. At an angle of
60 degree tilt, it provides year
around hot water.
Major Hill Buildings Of India
CONCLUSIONS :
•Traditional materials and methods of construction have been
modified and adapted to achieve energy efficiency
•a Predominantly south exposure with no overhangs for maximum
winter gains.
•Entrance lobby designed as a solarium on the south side.
•Bedrooms provided with various types of Trombe walls (half
Trombe, unvented Trombe, vented Trombe) or direct gain systems
for passive heating.
RESIDENCE FOR MULLICK, BHOWALI,
NAINITAL
•THIS
SMALL FAMILY COTTAGE IS A UNIQUE EXAMPLE OF
TRAFITIONAL HILL ARCHITECTURETHAT MAXIMIZE THE USE
OFSOLAR ENERGY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THERMAL
COMFORT.
•DESIGNED BY ARCHITECT SANJAY PRAKASH FOR MULLICK
AFTER RETIREMENT WITH EQUIREMENTS-100 M² IN TWO
LEVELS OF 50M² EACH.
•LOCATED
ON
STEEP
SLOPE,THE ENTRANCE IS
FROM THE NORTH AT FIRST
FLOOR LEVEL.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
FEATURES OF THE COTTAGE•THE
STRUCTURE IS LOAD BEARING CONSTRUCTION
WITH A TIMBERED FRAMED ROOF.
•FIRST FLOOR HAVING KITCHEN AND LIVING ROOM, AND
ONE CLIMBED DOWN FOR THE BEDROOMS THAT ARE
TUCKED INTO THE HIILS.
•THE COTTAGE IS
ORIENTED
DUE SOUTH TO
MAXIMIZE SOLAR GAIN,
AND ITS COMPACT SHAPE
REDUCES HEAT LOSS.
•THE
LOWER FLOOR IS
PROVIDED WITH AN EARTH
COVER, AS THE COTTAGE IS
PARTLY INTO THE HILL
VIEW FROM SOUTH SIDE
•DIRECT
SOLAR GAIN IS ENSURED IN LIVING/DINING AND
KITCHEN, WHICH ARE THE DAYUSED SPACES BY LARGE
SOUTH FACING GLAZED AREA.
•THE WALLS OF THE HOUSES ARE THICK RUBBLE
AVAILABLE NEAR THE SITE.THE CEMENT MORTAR JOINTS
ARE KEPT VERY LEAN TO GIVE THE LOOK OF DRY
RUBBLE MASONARY.
•GAIN
FOR BEDROMS
THE COTTAGE IS
ZONED SO THAT ALL
DAY USE SPACES ARE
ON UPPER FLOOR AND
GET MORE SOLAR GAIN
AT THE COST OF SOME
NIGHT LOSES.
•
•
•
•
•
ON THE NORTH THE HOUSE IS SUNK INTO THE HILLS
BY AN ENTIRE FLOOR AND THIS EARTH COVER
PROVIDES STABLE TEMPERATURE.
ON THE EAST AND WEST, THE WALL IS INSULATED
FROM INSIDE TO REDUCE THE THERMAL MASS OF
THE BUILDING.
THE ENTIRE ROOF IS INSULATED WITH ROCK WOOL
AND THERE ARE FEW OPENINGS ON THE EAST AND
WEST SIDE.
THE BUFFER SPACES (LOBBY,STAICSE, ETC.) ARE ON
THE NORTH SIDE OF THE RESIDENCE.
IN ADDTION TO SOUTH FACING WINDOWS, A
TROMBE WALL HAS BEEN INCLUDED ON THE
SOUTH WALL OF THE LOWER FLOOR FOR THE
INDIRECT SOLAR GAIN.
AIRPORT AND STAFF HOUSING, KARGIL
•
•
THE COMPLEX HAS BEEN
DESIGNESD TO MEET THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR A
SMALL AIRFIELD IN THE
REMOTE
REGION
OF
KARGIL.
FACILITIES
ARE
PROVIDED
FOR
THE
ARRIVAL
&DEPARTURE
LOUNGE, WAITING HALL,
OFFICE
AND
V.I.P.
LOUNGE.
•THE
EASTERN ELEVATION OF AIRPORT
HOUSING AT KARGIL
500 MM THICK COMPOSITE WALLS (300MM STONE
OUTER OUTER VENNER+50MM INSULATION+150MM
HOLOW BLOCKS)INCREASE THE THERMAL LAG AND
INSULATE THE INTERIOR FROM HARSH OUTDOOR
ENVIRONMENT.
INSULATION:•MAXIMUM SOLAR SPACE IS ACHIEVED BY LARGE
DOUBLE GLAZEDSURFACE ON THE SOUTH FACING.
PASSIVE SOLAR FEATURE:•THE BUILDING HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR MAX. SOLAR
PENETRATION IN ALL SPACESDURING CRITICAL
PERIODS.
•THE BUILDING HAS BEEN OPTIMZED FOR UNIFORM AND
GLARE FREE LIGHT DISTRIBUTION IN THE OFFICE
AREAS.
EARTH BERMING:• THE WAITING HALL AND
EARTH BERMING ON
THE
EAST
FACE
FURTHER
ACT
AS
INSULATION BUFFERS.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
COMPLEX DESIGN TO RECEIVE DEEP PENETRATION OF DAY LIGHT AND SOLAR
RADIATION IN WINTER SEASON
ROOF DETAILS:THE CLEAR STOREY GLAZING AT ROOF LVL. ON THE
SOUTH MAX. THE HEAT GAIN AND DAYLIGHT TO ALL
INNER SPACES.
THE ROOF ANGLE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO PREVENT
MUTUAL SHADING DURING CRITICAL PERIODS.
THE BUILDING IS INNOVATIVE ARTICULATION OF LOCAL
MATERIAL( STONE, MUD, WOOD) WITH MODERN
MATERIALS (R.C.C., STEEL, GLASS ETC.)
Airport staff housing, kargil
•The
airport staff housing
provides for 14 individual
residential units, 2 three bedroom
units, 4 two bedrooms units.
•Designed in cluster like compact
form to maintain individuality and
privacy of each unit.
•Max. solar penetration has been
provided in all main spaces
during critial period.
BUILDING PLAN SHOWING CLUSTER OF
HOUSE IN HOUSING COLONY
ORIENTATION• CLUSTER HAVE BEEN DESIGNED AROUND CENTRAL
OPEN SPACE WITH MAX. SOUTHERN EXPOSURE.
• TERAACE AND GLAZING ON LONGER OF SOUTHERN
ORIENTATION FOR DIRECT SOLAR GAIN AND MIN.
OPENING ON THE NORTH WALL PREVENT HEAT LOSS.
INSULATION• THE COMPOSITE WALL
SECTION OF CONCRETE
BLOCKS, INSULATION
LAYERS AND STONE
HAS BEEN USED TO
INCREASE THERMAL LAG.
• SERVICES SPACES ARE
PLACED ON THE NORTH
AND THE LIVING SPACE
FACE SOUTH.
VIEW OF STAFF HOUSINGCOLONY