Transcript Dry stone building techniques and know-how between

DRY STONE BUILDING TECHNIQUES &
SOLAR ENERGY IN DUBROVNIK
Biserka Simatović, Project Coordinator
Lead Beneficiary, City of Dubrovnik
EX.PO AUS
„Extension of Potentiality of Adriatic UNESCO sites”
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP May 29-31, 2014
„ Dry stone building techniques and know-how between tradition and innovation”
Alberobello, Italy
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Dry Stone Building - Stone shelters
Dubrovnik-Neretva region
„bunja” in Dalmatia and
islands
„vrtujak and toreta” on Korcula
Island
Dry Stone Building in the
Dubrovnik-Neretva region
Stone architecture used along
the Croatian coast
Proportion based on the square root of
three divided by two
DRY STONE CONSTRUCTION
• A natural barrier built high enough so sheep cannot
escape
• Strong enough to resist the ‘bora’ wind
• Various traditional constructions: support walls for
terraced slopes, cisterns, barns, field shelters and
entire small settlements occasionally used in the
open fields and grazing areas
• Habitat for various plant species and animals
• Endangered areas of past architecture, difficult to
protect
Typical drystone
„VRTUJAK”
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Vrtujak near Vela Luka, Korcula Island
Important cultural heritage; proportion system used
Korcula used to be covered in vineyards, now trees
Some are hidden by bushes, even those with watch towers facing
the sea or other shelters
• Normally, rectangular ground plan and sometimes very thin walls
• Used for storage: equipment for work in vineyards
• Cisterns with ‘catching’ platforms for collecting water and basins for
blue copper - vitriolac
„TORETA”
• Near the village of Smokvica, Korcula Island
• Wooden door (only used for sheltering shepherds)
• Sheep pen with sheep folds with wooden roof construction near the
toreta
• Walls can be very thin, requiring craftsmenship
• Corbelled construction is perfect
• Today, state of roofs is relatively good, after decades of no
maintenance
• Origin: Spain according to legend, Menorca – where the village is
called ‘toreta’ and stone shelters are known
• Found also in Puglia, not far from Korcula
TYPICAL FORMATION OF
VILLAGES ALONG
DALMATIAN COAST &
ISLANDS
Konavle
Region
POPOVIĆI – complex of houses
with a ‘kominat’ or fireplace (top)
POPOVIĆI – chimney over the
entire fireplace or ‘kominat’ (left)
POLJICA GORNJA – courtyard
(right)
KONAVLE
REGION
‘GORNJA BANDA’ grouping
of a gumno and shelter
PRIMORJE
REGION
COASTAL
TOČIONIK-BRDO (top left)
TRNOVICA pool (top right)
KOTEŽI (bottom left
BANIĆI, Gornje selo, cistern
(bottom right)
METKOVIC
PODGREĐE – ‘Saleš’
typical building
hearth on ground floor
basket for drying corn on south side, top floor
SIPAN ISLAND
Šipanska luka(top)
DO (bottom left)
VOJINO SEO (bottom right)
LASTOVO ISLAND
& typical shelter
VID near
METKOVIC
building, 1st half 19th c. &
Traditional buildings in Opuzen
TYPICAL
STRUCTURE
KONAVLE REGION
traditional „GUMNO”
KONAVLE „GUMNO”
Old Slavic – gu – govedo ( + mbneti – koračati / place
where cattle walk on wheat)
• ‘Gumno’s’ were used for harvesting & important meeting place for
peasants: singing, playing, drinking, bonfires
• In the Dubrovnik Primorje region and in Konavle, they were walled in
stone
• Built close to storages
• Oval, paved in large flat stones, low walls up to half a meter and
stone benches and wide entrances, central stone post for tying up
animals
• Usually with 2 entrances, one for horses and the other for carrying
out straw
• Used also for celebrations and dancing ‘Lindo’ – famous traditional
folk dancing in the Dubrovnik region
• Important meeting point for peasants
KONAVLE „GUMNO”
as a corral, storage of equipment
Gornje Konavle, northern Primorje, islands
VARIOUS SHELTERS
BROKEN DOWN SHELTER &
BOUNDARY
RENOVATION OF DRYSTONE
HERITAGE
• WHO: local licensed company „Gradevinar-Quelin”
• WHERE: Arboretum, Trsteno (near Dubrovnik)
• WHAT: Panorama Point overlooking Adriatic Sea
• WHEN: May 2011
• WHY: Damage due to heavy rainfall
TRSTENO
outskirts of Dubrovnik
TRSTENO
renovations
TRSTENO –
renovations
QUARRYING STONE
• Irregular shaped stones found in the ground, minimal shaping
• Best stone has 2 parallel faces, long enough to be anchored deep
into walls
• flat stones of all sizes can be used
• Large boulders – need to locate the direction in which layers are
positioned in order to break off layers with wooden spike
• Stone tiles and quality boulders that need to be worked must be
quarried
• Most settlements use nearby quarries – hard rock with horizontal
layers
„ROCK OF ROOF”
PROJECT
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IPA Adriatic CBC 2007-2013; 4 years; 4 countries;
10 partners: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Dubrovnik-Neretva County Development Agency DUNEA
140,900.00 EUR
End: 2015
Creation of a platform for sustainable use of limestone,
sustainable guidelines
• Identification of limestone sites, determination of joint
legislation framework, map of quarries, database, studies,
education of urban planners, architects, engineers,
conservationists, politicians
EUROPA
NOSTRA AWARD
• Presentation by Grga Frangeš on the award winning
project "Preserving Dry-Stone Masonry Techniques of
the Eastern Adriatic" by 4 Grada Dragodid from Croatia,
laureate of European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage /
Europa Nostra Award 2011 in the category Education,
training and awareness-raising.
• This presentation has been voted as the best formal
presentation by the audience at The Best in Heritage
2012 conference in Dubrovnik
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http://www.thebestinheritage.com/presentations/2012/4-grada-dragodid--preserving-dry-stone-masonry-techniques-of-the-eastern-adriatic,192.html
MORE INFORMATION
Grga Frangeš
Ethnologist
[email protected]
4 Grada Dragodid
Krajiška 30, 10 000 Zagreb
[email protected]
www.dragodid.org
&
Suhozid.hr – a citizen science web portal
CURRENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IN
DUBROVNIK
• Installation of intelligent energy system and changing woodwork in
Dubrovnik Natural History Museum
• Solar cooling system on Vodovod building
• Solar heating system on city pool
• Instalation of LED street light lamps that are
60% more energy efficient than current ones.
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Dubrovnik Natural History Museum
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Intelligent Energy System and Woodwork changes
in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum
Current conditions:
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by
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the European Union, Instrument for PreNo installed heating/cooling system
Accession Assistance
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No light intensity regulator
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Low energy efficient doors and windows
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Energy consumption of the building is 143,70 kWh/(m2a) - kilowatt
hours per sq. metre per annum
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Woodwork changes and intelligent energy system
in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum
Project goals:
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Replacement of 49 windows and 7 doors with more energy-efficient ones
• current windows and doors allow air flow through spaces between
frames
• rotting shutters cannot open and allow the entry of sunlight
• investments will result up to 30% lower heating energy consumption
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The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument
for Pre-Accession Assistance
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Woodwork change and intelligent energy system in
Dubrovnik Natural History Museum
Project goals:
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Installation of an intelligent LED lighting system
• Use of LED bulbs allows modifying the intensity of light depending on sunlight
• Reduction of lighting energy consumption up to 12 times
• Filament and halogen bulbs were previously used
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Woodwork change and intelligent energy system in
Dubrovnik Natural History Museum
Project goals:
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Installation of an intelligent heating/cooling system (17,4kW), which will automatically
regulate temperature, turning on/off and so reduce energy consumption
• Energy that was prioryl used for heating one floor will be now sufficient for heating the
entire building
• building was previously heated with ordinary Electric heaters (Consuption: 2kw per
heater)
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Solar cooling system on the „Vodovod” building
IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project
The general objectives of the project:
• to promote the use of renewable energy for refreshing and cooling in the
territories of the Adriatic area
• to establish a co-operation between technical and public institutions and
operators, in order to make them understand the potentiality of Solar Cooling
technologies
• to set-up demonstration pilot sites to better assess the technical and
economic feasibility in the Adriatic area
• to contribute to the decarbonisation of the Adriatic area
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building
IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project
Schematic of an absorption solar cooling system which is used for cooling
Vodovod building
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building
IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project
• Investment
• 145,000 euro
• 65m2 of solar collectors are used for
• 17,5 kw of cooling power
• 25 kw of heating power
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building
IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project
Commissioning of an absorption solar
cooling system
Solar collectors used for cooling
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Solar heating system on city pool
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heating system based on solar collectors
system will save up to 20% of nnual energy consumption
reduction in annual greenhouse gas emissions by 104 tons
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
Solar heating system on city pool
• 600m2 of solar collectors will produce 372,4 kw of heating
power (404Mwh annually)
• annual savings of 39 400 L of heating oil
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
LED street lights
30 LED lamps have been installed in Andrije Hebranga Street
(Gruž area) as a pilot project
Final goal of this project is to eventually replace all street
lights with LED ones in the City of Dubrovnik
LED lamps are 60% more energy efficient than classic ones
and save up to 1200kn (160 EUR) per lamp per year
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
City of Dubrovnik
Pred Dvorom 1
HR-20000 Dubrovnik
Tel: 0038520351800
www.dubrovnik.hr
Agency for energetics &
information technologies Ltd.
Ivan Grbavac
Mob: 00385 91 6126 613
www.energit.biz
The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance