Transcript Methods of inspection, diagnostics and orthopaedic dental treatment

Methods of inspection,
diagnostics and
orthopaedic dental
treatment of patients
with the defects of
crown part of teeth.
Fig 1-1 A full veneer crown
covers all of the clinical crown
of a tooth. The example is of a
metal-ceramic crown.
Fig 1-2 A partial veneer crown
covers only portions of the
clinical crown. The facial surface
is usually left unveneered.
Fig 1-3 Inlays are intracoronal restorations with minimal to moderate
extensions made oi gold alloy (A) or a ceramic material (B).
Fig 1-4 An onlay is an
intracoronal restoration with an
occlusal veneer.
Fig 1-5 A laminate veneer is a thin
layer of porcelain or cast ceramic
that is bonded to the facial surface
of a tooth with resin.
Connector
Pontic
Retainer
Abutment Preparation
Abutment
Fig 1-6
The components of a fixed partial denture.
The joints are
palpated as the patient
opens and closes to detect
signs of dysfunction.
Fig 1-7
Fig 1-8 The masseter
muscle can be palpated
extraorally by placing your
fingers over the lateral
surfaces of the ramus of
the mandible.
Fig 1-9 Fingers are placed over the patient's temples
to feel the temporalis muscle.
The little finger is
inserted
facial
to
the
maxillary teeth and around
distal to the pterygomaxillary,
or hamular, notch to palpate
the lateral pterygoid muscle.
Fig 1-11
The index finger is
used to touch the medial
pterygoid muscle on the
inner surface of the ramus.
Fig 1-10
The
sternocleidomastoid muscle
is grasped between the
thumb and forefingers on
the side of the neck. The
muscle can be accentuated
by a slight turn of the
patient's head.
Fig
The trapezius
muscle is felt at the base of
the skull, high on the neck.
Fig 1-12
1-13
The distance between maxillary and mandibular
incisors is measured when the patient is instructed to
open "all the way" (A). If the patient can only open part
way (B), the cause should be determined.
Fig 1-14
If opening is limited, the patient should
be instructed to use a finger to indicate the
area that hurts.
Fig 1-15
Rubber gloves, a surgical mask, and
eye protection are important for safeguarding
dental office personnel.
Fig 1-16
Fig. 1-17
A severely damaged maxillary dentition (A) restored with
metal-ceramic fixed prostheses (B). C, Complete cast crown
restores mandibular molar. D, Three-unit fixed dental
prosthesis replacing missing mandibular premolar. (C,
Courtesy of Dr. X Lepe. D, Courtesy of Dr. J. Nelson.)
Fig. 1-18
Poor appearance is a common reason for
seeking restorative dental treatment.
Fig. 1-19
Severe gingival hyperplasia associated
with anticonvulsant drug use. (Courtesy
of Dr. P. B. Robinson.)
Fig. 1-20
A, Extensive damage caused by self-induced acid regurgitation. Note
that the lingual surfaces are bare of enamel except for a narrow band
at the gingival margin. B, Teeth prepared for partial-cove rage
restorations. C, Definitive cast. D and E, The completed restoration.
Fig. 1-21
Defective endodontics has led to recurrence of a periapical
lesion. Re-treatment is required
Fig. 1-22
Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment.
Fig. 1-23
Auricular palpation of the posterior aspects of the
temporomandibular joints.
Fig. 1-24
Maximum opening of more than 50 mm (A)
and lateral movement of about 1 2 mm (B) are
normal.
Fig. 1-25
Muscle palpation.
A, The masseter. B,
The temporal
muscle. C, The
trapezius muscle.
D, The
sternocleidomastoi
d muscle. E, The
floor of the mouth.
Palpation is best done
bilaterally, simultaneously
asking the patient to identify
any differences between left
and right.
Fig. 1-27
Smile analysis is an important part of the examination,
particularly when anterior crowns or fixed dental
prostheses are being considered. A, Some individuals
show considerable gingival tissue during an exaggerated
smile. B, Others may not show the gingival margins of
even the central incisors.
Fig. 1-28
The "negative space" between the maxillary and
mandibular teeth is assessed during the examination.