Transcript Jews

Jews in Norrköping
Jewish immigration
• 1779
First Jews to Sweden
• King Gustav III
Jewish regulations
• Economical guarantee
demanded
• Three cities only:
Stockholm, Göteborg and
Malmö
• 1782
First Jews to Norrköping
• From Germany and
Holland
by horse and carriage or boat
• Well received in
Norrköping
Jewish regulations
• 1782
• Laws for Jews in Sweden
- Allowed in three cities only
- Restricted professions
- Not allowed to give evidence in court
- No mixed marriages
Judaism and the Jewish
congregation
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First monotheistic religion
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Founder is Moses
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Founded by Jacob Marcus
Torah and Talmud
First congregation in
Norrköping 1782
Education within congregation
Own burial-ground
Synagogue
• Synagogue
- Bet Knesset in Hebrew
• First small synagogue built by
Jacob Marcus in 1790
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Present synagogue from 1858
Financed through gifts and fees
99 members in 1860
Problems when wealthy
members left Norrköping
• Declared historic building in 1978
• Today around 30 members
The most important
Jewish families in
Norrköping
The Wahren family
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Wealthy
Textile mills
Jacob Wahren
Wool industry
Big factory buildings by
the river and waterfalls in
central Norrköping
• Herman Leonard Wahren
- Expanded his father’s
(Jacobs) industries
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Gustaf Mauritz Wahren
Stock exchange trader
Richard Wahren
Textile mills; Richard
Wahren & Co
R. Wahrens AB
Jacob Marcus
• Arrived in Norrköping in 1782
• Permission to start factories
and wholesale trade
• Sold colonial products,
like coffee, spices and
olives
• Factory for cotton printing
• Bankruptcy after economical
crises in Sweden 1815
The Philipson family
• Philip Jeremias
- Arrived in Sweden and
Norrköping in 1789
- Launched several companies
- Manufactured lacquer &
playing cards
• Jacob Philipson, son
- Owned big farms
• John Philipson, grandson
- Laid out several parks in
Norrköping, the most famous
is Folkparken
General facts
• Economy
- Most Jewish families did well
• Residence
- Lived in different parts of town
• Work
- Worked in their own
companies and shops
- Textile mills
- House to house peddling
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Education
Private tutors
No Jewish schools
Religious education in
Synagogue
• Language
- Second generation often fluent
in Swedish
• Traces of Jewish
inhabitants
- Synagogue and the Jewish
burial-ground
- The parks and the old factory
buildings